June- Audrey Lyu

[Audrey]

PLOT STRUCTURE:
-Exposition
-rising action
-climax
-falling action
-denouement

EXPOSITION
-establishes background
-introduces character(s)
-setting

RISING ACTION
-conflicts start to be created
-following the climax

CLIMAX
-the turning point
-most exciting part of story

FALLING ACTION
-the story starts to end near the denouement.
-most things from the rising action are solved

DENOUEMENT:
-the story's conclusion, resolution, or end.
-all questions should be answered here (unless there is a continuation or a mysterious end.)

VOCAB:
LESSON 36:
-arbitrary: random
-concur: con=with together, cur=run to agree
-disparity: dis= apart, par= equal difference
-exemplify: example
-illusory: illusion, mirage.. not real
-irresolute: resolute= firm ir-not
-opportunist: people who betray others
-quandary: dilemma, confusion on a decision
-somber: gloomy, feeling "blue"
-unwarranted: unjustified, no reason

LESSON 37:
-arbitrate: like a judge
-condone: to forgive
-dispassionate: calm, no feeling
-exhaustive: exhausted
-immutable: im=not, muta=change, unchangable
-jocular: being funny, think of the word "joke" in jocular
-optimism: the positive side
-quiescent: think of the word "quiet" but is still dormant
-soporific: boring
-usurp: to take over

LESSON 38:
-arbitrator: judge
-conflagration: great fire "think of 1666"
-disperse: scatter
-exhilarating: feeling better
-impair: injure
-judicious: jud= judge, very wise
-opulence: very luxuriant
-ramble: repeatedly doing something aimlesly
-sporadic: something not expected
-vacillate: being fickle (yes no yes no...)

LESSON 39:
-archaic: old (thou, thee, thine, shalt, etc)
-confound: confuse
-disputatious: like to argue
-exonerate: found not guilty
-impeccable: perfect
-labyrinth: a maze
-orator: a public speaker.
-rancor: hatred
-spurious: false, fake
-vaporize: to turn into vapor.

LESSON 40:
-arid: dry
-constraint: pressure
-disseminate: scatter
-expedient: quickest or easiest
-impecunious: without cash
-laconic: brief, to the point
-ornate: think of the word "ornament" decorated
-ratify: approve
-spurn: reject
-venerate: to worship or look up to.

GRAMMAR:
transitive/intransitive
transitive: direct object
intransitive: indirect object
IO- indirect object
DO- direct object
PN- predicate nominative
PA- predicate adjective
active: when the subject does something
passive: when the subject receives something

[Audrey Lyu]

LATIN WORDS:

-Ante bellum - Before War (Civil war)

Ante= before, Bell=war

-Avis rara - a rare bird

Avis= bird, rara= rare or special

IQ CONCEPT
~Sigmund Freud
-Psychoanalysis - the way he described things
-Id - animal instinct. (devil)
-Ego - balance (devil/angel)
-Superego - Social control (angel)
-Oedipus Complex - (look at bottom for story)
-Anal Retentive - (You're so anal!) picky
-Anal Expulsive - sloppy.

Concious and subconcious
think of an iceburg that has 10% on the surface (concious) and 90% on the bottom (subconcious).
our (humans) Id is in the subcontious area. Our Ego is on in the concious area and our superego is above the id but in the subconcious area (middle)

Play: Oedipus Rex (for Oedipus Complex)
In an Oracle (temple) a man predicted the King's son is going to kill the king and marry the queen.
the king wanted the son killed but the servant didn't.
He grew up not knowing he was a prince and got into a fight. He killed his father and becomes king. He takes the queen. Then he finds out the truth and gouges his eyes out.

STRONG STATEMENTS
-strong statement: an emotionally charged statement can quickly set the tone and grab the reade

[Audrey]

LATIN PHRASES:
-in media res - in middle of things

CHARLES DARWIN:
~Theory of Evolution
-natural selection (vs. artificial selection)
-survival of the fittest
-mutations

DARWINISM VS. CREATIONISM
-Darwinism is the theory of evolution.
-creationism - based on religion, humans were directly created from God.

Writing: state your opinion on Darwinism and creationism.

[Audrey]

PIQ102 Lecture Notes--Audrey Lyu

LATIN PHRASES:
-Status quo- the existing condition (the way things are)

POLITICAL SCALE:
-political left: Liberal people, want more change and rights. unhappy. Democrats
-political right: conservative people (oldfashioned or traditional) They like the status quo because of a good life. Republicans
-moderate: balanced
-minorities want more changes (so most are liberal)
-ultra conservative (or reactionary)- all the way to the right. usually want to go back to the past (like 100 years ago)
-Ultra liberal (or Radical)- wants minorities to rule over white people (example)

THE BACKGROUND:

-Start broadly with the topic, and narrow down the issue to a focused thesis statement.
-If you are writing a literary analysis, this should be the only place you give any kind of "summary," in 2 or three sentences. You must not summarize the poem or the story anywhere in the body paragraphs.
-If you are responding to a piece of literature, you must mention the author and the title of the work here. Use both in 1 sentence, but as a portion of a bigger, meaningful sentence.
-Remember to use underline for novels or plays, and quotation arks for poems or short stories.

[audrey]

OVERVIEW OF TAXES:
~Income taxes: levels
-federal: US
-state :CA
-local: county or city

~sales taxes: every time you buy something, you have to pay taxes.
-California: 7.25%
-Often exemptions for things like food

~Payroll taxes
-social security: young people pay taxes so the old people can use it after they retire. as the young people become old, they don't pay social security taxes and take the money out.
-medicare

~Wealth taxes
-Estate taxes
-gift taxes

Federal tax is 28%
State tax is 5 %

VOCAB:

LESSON 41
-arrogance: stuck-up
-contend: argue
-dissent: to disagree
-expedite: to make fast
-impede: block (ped: foot, im: in)
-lament: cry over
-ostentatious: showy
-raze: destroy completely
-squander: waste
-verbose: wordy

LESSON 42
-articulate: good vocabulary
-contentious: loud and quarrelsome
-dissonance: (dis- not sonance-sound) bad sound
-explicit: very clear, not clearing rated parts
-implausible: unbelievable
-lampoon: ridicule, insult
-pacifist: peaceful people
-rebuttal: answer, argue back
-stagnant: stale, motionless
-viable: workable, systematic

LESSON 43
-artifacts: handmade objects made in the past
-contract: (con-with, tract-pull) to catch a disease or compress.
-divergent: differing; apart
-exploit: to make use of or taking advantage of
-implement: put into effect or a tool
-languish: lose strength or movement.
-parody: humorous imitation
-recant: take back
-static: unchanging
-vigor: active

LESSON 44
-artisan: a craftsperson
-contrite: being sad
-doctrine: principle
-extol: praise
-implications: suggested
-laud: praise
-parsimony: stinginess
-recluse: solitary
-steadfast: loyal, unchanging
-vilify: to make look bad, slander

LESSON 45
-ascendancy: have dominance or control
-converge: come together
-document: provide written evidence
-extraneous: superfluous
-implicit: understood but not stated
-lavish: wasteful
-partisan: one-sided
-recount: to narrate or to count over and over
-stoic: unmoved by joy
-vindicate: to prove that you were not guilty

[Audrey]

LA RIOTS 1992:
~1991
-In the Middle of the nightRodney is speeding and wouldn't stop
-He was on drugs and did not listen to the police
-the police beat him and used a tazer.
~1992
-a white jury acquits the officers.
-they were found not guilty although they really beat Rodney up.
-most of the black people start a riot
-they pull people out of cars (mostly koreans) and set places in los angeles on fire.
-this went on for 3 days
-open gun battles occur at korean shops.
-koreans got their guns to protect korea-town
-2 cars were shooting eachother but they were actually koreans.
-a 19-year old boy was killed
-the soldiers tried to stop this mayhem
-rodney king had went on air and said "can we get along?"

WRITING:
~the thesis
-every essay MUST have a thesis.
-they usually appear at the end of the introduction on the 1st paragraph.
-it is also the most important part of a persuasive essay
-it is an arguable statement.
-it must be and opinion

[Audrey]

1984 SUMMARY:
-novel by george orwell
-takes place in a dystopia
-Big Brother was presented after the story
-"Big Brother" is like the government always watching you through telescreens with a surveillance camera.

VOCAB:
LESSON 46
1. ascetic- living quietly with no worries
2. conviction- strongly held belief
3. dogmatic- very strict
4. extricate- to free
5. impudence- rudeness
6. lethargic- drowsy
7. paucity- not enough
8. recitify- correct
9. stolid- dull
10.virtuoso- hightly skilled artist

LESSON 47:
2. cordial- gracious
4. exuberance- joy and an abundance of
5. inane- silly or ignorant
6. levity- lightness
7. penury- poverty
9. strident- loud, harsh
10. virulent- poisonous, bitter

LESSON 48:
1. assuagge- lessen
2. corroborate- confirm
3. dubious- doubtful
4. faciliate- make easier
5. inception- start
7. perfunctory- superficial
8. refute- disprove
10. volatile- explosive, changable

LESSON 49:
1. astute- smart
2. credulity- gullible
5. incidental- minor
6. listless- no spirit
7. peripheral- outer
8. relegate- to be demoted
9. submissive- to follow

LESSON 50:
1. atrophy- wasting away
4. fallow- plowed but not sowed
5. incisive- cutting sharp
6. lofty- very high

[Audrey]

TWO-MINUTE AFFIRMATION:

-We are what we think about all day long. -Ralph Waldo Emerson

~Government:
--Democracy
-demo: people
-this is based on majority rule. (over 50%)

Democracy is when the majority of the people in vote on decisions. In my opinion, I think democracy is not is mostly a horrendous idea. Majority of the people can be uneducated and make bad decisions. This decision can effect the government very badly.

--Autocracy
-also known as despotism
-this is when 1 leader makes the decision and can execute those who don't obey (Hitler... N. Korea Gov... etc.)

When one person is ruling over the government, it is called autocracy. This one person has almost unlimited power and can be very powerful just by threatening the citizens. Autocracy is a mean, abusive, and evil way of leading a government because it is like dictatorship.

--Oligarchy
-when a small group of people rule over.

--Monarchy
-when there is a king, queen, emperor, or empress

--dictatorship
-a more modern way of gov.
-they are more about religion.

Oligarchy, Monarchy, and dictatorship all have differences in them. Oligarchy and Monarchy are different because oligarchy has a small group consisting of about 3-5 people within them. Monarchy has about 1 or 2 people ruling a country. Dictatorship is a more harsh and severe way of ruling a country. it is when only 1 person rules with rules that are based more on 1 religion.

--Anarchy
-ana: no
-no rule
-this is when there is no government power.
-this usually civil war.

--Capitalist
-people can have their own business and property.
-capitalists own their own education.
-You can choose your own job.

--Communtist
-all the business and properties all belong to the gov.
-everybody shares their money because the gov giver everyone an equal share of money
-all of the health and education is all the same.

--Republic
-when there is no monarch.
-republic is when somebody votes to elect a president.

--Revolutionary
-when people want change

--Totalitarian
-there is only 1 political party
-they control everything.