Post by djxkorean on Jul 12, 2009 6:53:28 GMT -8
The English Colonies; Colonial Governments
I. Virginia at Jamestown (1607)
. . A. Harsh Beginnings
. . . . 1. settlement was on low ground in a swampy region
. . . . 2. Settlers were mainly gentlemen, not laborers
. . . . . . a. as a result, food gathering difficult. the food a person receives has no relation to the food produced
. . . . 3. Many problems arise
. . . . . . a. Hunger, disease (malaria), fighting within the settlers, and fighting with the Indians - these problems remain throughout.
. . . . 4. John Smith
. . . . . . a. was the leader of the settlers in the first year.
. . . . . . b. later captured by Indians, saved by Pocohontes. Indication of the up and down relationship between white and Indians.
. . . . . . c. After Indian capture, Smith's influence is lost. was one of few things that kept control over settlers.
. . . . 5. Starving
. . . . . . a. Winter of 1609 - 900 come, 60 people left alive. were ready to leave Jamestown, when Lord De La Warre arrives
Note: There were only white male settlers. No women or slaves.
. . B. Getting Better
. . . . 1. Lord De La Warre arrives after the horrible winter of 1609 - 1610 with new supplies and new settlers.
. . . . 2. Thomas Dale left in charge after La Warre leaves for England
. . . . . . a. Sets up harsh rule in colony, that makes men work under armed guard in the fields twice a day
. . . . . . b. those who don't work, don't eat
. . . . . . c. continues under Dale's predecessors, and reorganizes London Company
. . . . 3. Sir Edwin Sandys (1619) - London Company treasurer (reformer)
. . . . . . a. sets up the House of Burgesses
. . . . . . . . + 22 member representative groups of settlers, forming a general assembly.
. . . . . . . . + first representative government in the New World
. . . . 4. Tobacco
. . . . . . a. Brought in by John Rolfe in 1616 from West Indies
. . . . . . b. provides great trade opportunities and alot of money for the colonies.
. . . . . . c. from 1616 o 1619, tobacco exports go from 3,000 lbs to 50,000 lbs.
. . . . 5. Slaves and women brought (1619)
. . . . . . a. provides the colonists with a family life = civilizing influences
. . C. Year of misfortunes
. . . . 1. Disease, poor crops, poor tobacco trade, increased Indian troubles all lead to bankruptcy of London Company
. . . . 2. taken over by King and turned into royal colony (1624)
. . D. Rebellion by Nathaniel Bacon (1625)
. . . . 1. Governor Bacon doesn't aid farmers who are harassed by Native American's in raids.
. . . . 2. After Bacon suddenly dies, rebellion collapses, and Berkeley reestablishes control. Eventually called back by king.
II. Massachusetts Bay colony at Boston (1630)
. . A. Founding
. . . . 1. ships from Southampton, Bristol, and Plymouth (1000+ settlers) sail and settle in and near Boston (1630)
. . . . 2. John Winthrop elected Governor before leaving to Boston, and he later leads representative government
. . . . 3. representative government organized (October 1630). made up of Governor, Governor's council. and assembly.
. . . . . . a. was originally theocratic government for about 35 years.
. . B. Religious Freedom?
. . . . 1. was established by Puritans, who did not believe in religious tolerance, let alone religious freedom.
. . . . 2. Roger Williams and Ann Hutchinsons were both people who advocated ideas that ran contrary to Puritan beliefs
. . . . . . a. run away to Rhode Island colony in Providence.
. . . . . . . . + Rhode Island becomes haven as religious freedom established.
. . . . 3. Reverend Thomas Hooker is at odds with Boston's theology (1636)
. . . . . . a. writes Fundamental Orders in 1639 with others of his congregation. 1st written constitution in New World.
. . . . 4. those who oppose religious setup in Boston leave and form colonies elsewhere.
. . C. Indian problems
. . . . 1. Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut sets up New England Confederation (1643)
. . . . . . a. gives effective defense against the Indians and to guard against encroachment by the Dutch from Hudson Valley
. . . . 2. King Phillips War (1675 - 1676)
. . . . . . a. Indians' last great effort in New England to stop spreading white settlements. Although much destruction, Indians don't succeed.
. . D. Irritating the King of England
. . . . 1. violates their charter rights multiple times
. . . . . . a. New England confederation organized without the consent of King of England.
. . . . . . b. aids nearby towns against Indians, acting without King's permission
. . . . 2. Problem arises because any union of colonies could be turned against the King.
. . . . 3. MA refuses to aid England in its conflict with Holland.
. . . . . . a. violates first duty of colony: to aid mother country in time's of war
. . . . 4. rudely treats King's commissioners - leads to MA becoming a royal colony in 1684. Sir Edmund Andros is appointed royal governor.
. . E. Rule of Andros
. . . . 1. Policies
. . . . . . a. reexamines all land titles
. . . . . . b. unites New England, New Jersey, New York ,and Pennsylvania in anticipation of war with France.
. . . . . . c. levies taxes without any action by legislature
. . . . . . d. changes things to Anglican Church.
. . . . 2. Creates hostile climate, as many of these measures are resisted.
. . . . 3. Program not fully established. this created chaos and bitterness, until Glorious Revolution.
III. Story of Beginning
. . A. Pilgrims settled at Plymouth due to religious convictions as reason for leaving.
. . . . 1. Originally went to Holland, but wanted to keep family British and not Dutch. So migrated to America.
. . B. Separatists: wished to separate from Anglican Church
. . . . 1. Were the Pilgrims
. . C. Mayflower Compact: agreement between the first Pilgrims to make "just and equal laws" to which they pledged "submission and obedience."
. . . . 1. First example of self-government in the New World.
. . D. William Bradford is Governor of English Colony for 30 of first 36 years.
. . E. Puritans: wanted to purify Anglican Church
. . . . 1. No religious tolerance or religious freedom
. . . . . . a. As a result, people run away to Rhode Island
III. Colonial Governments
. . A. Divided into proprietary, royal, and self-governing.
. . . . 1. Proprietary: Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware
. . . . 2. Royal: New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia (by 1775)
. . . . 3. self-governing: Connecticut and Rhode Island.
. . B. Type of Government system
. . . . 1. All had a governor and legislature
. . . . 2. Unicameral legislative body: One house
. . . . . . a. Unusual; only in Pennsylvania
. . . . 3. Bicameral legislative body: Two House
. . . . . . a. council: small group of advisors to governor (upper house)
. . . . . . . . +appointed by king, assembly, governor, or proprietor
. . . . . . . . + was often a court that could veto an act of colonial legislature
. . . . . . b. assembly: lower house
. . . . . . . . + often had the power of purse: financial control
. . . . . . c. Governor
. . . . . . . . + often had responsibility without adequate power because he got directives from the king which he couldn't carry it out.
. . C. Right to vote
. . . . 1. restricted to those who met property qualifications
. . . . 2. had a representative government that no one, minus Britain rivaled.
. . . . 3. held town meetings within colonies, utilized direct democracy
. . D. Several colonial governments good foundation for revolutionists ("Immemorial Rights of English Subjects")
Commentary: It seems as if the book is quite neutral throughout this whole sections. It does, however, view the actions of the Revolutionaries quite highly, and sets up the exalting of the American revolutionaries by stating oppressing figures in the British Colonies. What I find interesting is that Rhode Island played, to my recalling, a small part in the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution. This surprises me because of the history of the colony, which was established largely by people who opposed oppression and intolerance. Although they were undoubtedly not affected by the taxes as much as colonies that garnered a lot of trade, I would have assumed from just the information in this chapter for Rhode Island to have played a more central role in the drafting of the Constitution, especially with undertones of the Constitution voicing religious freedom and tolerance.
Additionally, it is noticeable that the writer of this textbook is pro-democracy and exonerates the Glorious Revolution (not greatly, just enough to stand out). Although this would be obvious, seeing as how it is a textbook about U.S. History, I just found that noteworthy. All in all, it seems to me that the novel was not very biased at all, sympathizing even with the Indians and those who oppressed them at the same time.
*Memory devices to memorize the colonies will be placed later, after I get the time to memorize/learn about them myself. That also goes for many dates that litter this section.
I. Virginia at Jamestown (1607)
. . A. Harsh Beginnings
. . . . 1. settlement was on low ground in a swampy region
. . . . 2. Settlers were mainly gentlemen, not laborers
. . . . . . a. as a result, food gathering difficult. the food a person receives has no relation to the food produced
. . . . 3. Many problems arise
. . . . . . a. Hunger, disease (malaria), fighting within the settlers, and fighting with the Indians - these problems remain throughout.
. . . . 4. John Smith
. . . . . . a. was the leader of the settlers in the first year.
. . . . . . b. later captured by Indians, saved by Pocohontes. Indication of the up and down relationship between white and Indians.
. . . . . . c. After Indian capture, Smith's influence is lost. was one of few things that kept control over settlers.
. . . . 5. Starving
. . . . . . a. Winter of 1609 - 900 come, 60 people left alive. were ready to leave Jamestown, when Lord De La Warre arrives
Note: There were only white male settlers. No women or slaves.
. . B. Getting Better
. . . . 1. Lord De La Warre arrives after the horrible winter of 1609 - 1610 with new supplies and new settlers.
. . . . 2. Thomas Dale left in charge after La Warre leaves for England
. . . . . . a. Sets up harsh rule in colony, that makes men work under armed guard in the fields twice a day
. . . . . . b. those who don't work, don't eat
. . . . . . c. continues under Dale's predecessors, and reorganizes London Company
. . . . 3. Sir Edwin Sandys (1619) - London Company treasurer (reformer)
. . . . . . a. sets up the House of Burgesses
. . . . . . . . + 22 member representative groups of settlers, forming a general assembly.
. . . . . . . . + first representative government in the New World
. . . . 4. Tobacco
. . . . . . a. Brought in by John Rolfe in 1616 from West Indies
. . . . . . b. provides great trade opportunities and alot of money for the colonies.
. . . . . . c. from 1616 o 1619, tobacco exports go from 3,000 lbs to 50,000 lbs.
. . . . 5. Slaves and women brought (1619)
. . . . . . a. provides the colonists with a family life = civilizing influences
. . C. Year of misfortunes
. . . . 1. Disease, poor crops, poor tobacco trade, increased Indian troubles all lead to bankruptcy of London Company
. . . . 2. taken over by King and turned into royal colony (1624)
. . D. Rebellion by Nathaniel Bacon (1625)
. . . . 1. Governor Bacon doesn't aid farmers who are harassed by Native American's in raids.
. . . . 2. After Bacon suddenly dies, rebellion collapses, and Berkeley reestablishes control. Eventually called back by king.
II. Massachusetts Bay colony at Boston (1630)
. . A. Founding
. . . . 1. ships from Southampton, Bristol, and Plymouth (1000+ settlers) sail and settle in and near Boston (1630)
. . . . 2. John Winthrop elected Governor before leaving to Boston, and he later leads representative government
. . . . 3. representative government organized (October 1630). made up of Governor, Governor's council. and assembly.
. . . . . . a. was originally theocratic government for about 35 years.
. . B. Religious Freedom?
. . . . 1. was established by Puritans, who did not believe in religious tolerance, let alone religious freedom.
. . . . 2. Roger Williams and Ann Hutchinsons were both people who advocated ideas that ran contrary to Puritan beliefs
. . . . . . a. run away to Rhode Island colony in Providence.
. . . . . . . . + Rhode Island becomes haven as religious freedom established.
. . . . 3. Reverend Thomas Hooker is at odds with Boston's theology (1636)
. . . . . . a. writes Fundamental Orders in 1639 with others of his congregation. 1st written constitution in New World.
. . . . 4. those who oppose religious setup in Boston leave and form colonies elsewhere.
. . C. Indian problems
. . . . 1. Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut sets up New England Confederation (1643)
. . . . . . a. gives effective defense against the Indians and to guard against encroachment by the Dutch from Hudson Valley
. . . . 2. King Phillips War (1675 - 1676)
. . . . . . a. Indians' last great effort in New England to stop spreading white settlements. Although much destruction, Indians don't succeed.
. . D. Irritating the King of England
. . . . 1. violates their charter rights multiple times
. . . . . . a. New England confederation organized without the consent of King of England.
. . . . . . b. aids nearby towns against Indians, acting without King's permission
. . . . 2. Problem arises because any union of colonies could be turned against the King.
. . . . 3. MA refuses to aid England in its conflict with Holland.
. . . . . . a. violates first duty of colony: to aid mother country in time's of war
. . . . 4. rudely treats King's commissioners - leads to MA becoming a royal colony in 1684. Sir Edmund Andros is appointed royal governor.
. . E. Rule of Andros
. . . . 1. Policies
. . . . . . a. reexamines all land titles
. . . . . . b. unites New England, New Jersey, New York ,and Pennsylvania in anticipation of war with France.
. . . . . . c. levies taxes without any action by legislature
. . . . . . d. changes things to Anglican Church.
. . . . 2. Creates hostile climate, as many of these measures are resisted.
. . . . 3. Program not fully established. this created chaos and bitterness, until Glorious Revolution.
III. Story of Beginning
. . A. Pilgrims settled at Plymouth due to religious convictions as reason for leaving.
. . . . 1. Originally went to Holland, but wanted to keep family British and not Dutch. So migrated to America.
. . B. Separatists: wished to separate from Anglican Church
. . . . 1. Were the Pilgrims
. . C. Mayflower Compact: agreement between the first Pilgrims to make "just and equal laws" to which they pledged "submission and obedience."
. . . . 1. First example of self-government in the New World.
. . D. William Bradford is Governor of English Colony for 30 of first 36 years.
. . E. Puritans: wanted to purify Anglican Church
. . . . 1. No religious tolerance or religious freedom
. . . . . . a. As a result, people run away to Rhode Island
III. Colonial Governments
. . A. Divided into proprietary, royal, and self-governing.
. . . . 1. Proprietary: Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware
. . . . 2. Royal: New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia (by 1775)
. . . . 3. self-governing: Connecticut and Rhode Island.
. . B. Type of Government system
. . . . 1. All had a governor and legislature
. . . . 2. Unicameral legislative body: One house
. . . . . . a. Unusual; only in Pennsylvania
. . . . 3. Bicameral legislative body: Two House
. . . . . . a. council: small group of advisors to governor (upper house)
. . . . . . . . +appointed by king, assembly, governor, or proprietor
. . . . . . . . + was often a court that could veto an act of colonial legislature
. . . . . . b. assembly: lower house
. . . . . . . . + often had the power of purse: financial control
. . . . . . c. Governor
. . . . . . . . + often had responsibility without adequate power because he got directives from the king which he couldn't carry it out.
. . C. Right to vote
. . . . 1. restricted to those who met property qualifications
. . . . 2. had a representative government that no one, minus Britain rivaled.
. . . . 3. held town meetings within colonies, utilized direct democracy
. . D. Several colonial governments good foundation for revolutionists ("Immemorial Rights of English Subjects")
Commentary: It seems as if the book is quite neutral throughout this whole sections. It does, however, view the actions of the Revolutionaries quite highly, and sets up the exalting of the American revolutionaries by stating oppressing figures in the British Colonies. What I find interesting is that Rhode Island played, to my recalling, a small part in the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution. This surprises me because of the history of the colony, which was established largely by people who opposed oppression and intolerance. Although they were undoubtedly not affected by the taxes as much as colonies that garnered a lot of trade, I would have assumed from just the information in this chapter for Rhode Island to have played a more central role in the drafting of the Constitution, especially with undertones of the Constitution voicing religious freedom and tolerance.
Additionally, it is noticeable that the writer of this textbook is pro-democracy and exonerates the Glorious Revolution (not greatly, just enough to stand out). Although this would be obvious, seeing as how it is a textbook about U.S. History, I just found that noteworthy. All in all, it seems to me that the novel was not very biased at all, sympathizing even with the Indians and those who oppressed them at the same time.
*Memory devices to memorize the colonies will be placed later, after I get the time to memorize/learn about them myself. That also goes for many dates that litter this section.