Post by djxkorean on Jul 22, 2009 20:03:57 GMT -8
p. 117-124
1st President George Washington (1789-1797)
I was WASHING(Washington) my Tie(1) because a GloB(89) fell on it while reading a BooK(97)
I. Election and Re-election
. . A) Unanimous vote of the Electoral College and inaugurated on April 30, 1979
. . B) Opposition to ratification now supported Constitution, and willing to work for change
. . . . 1. Demonstrated political maturity
. . C) John Adams elected for vice-presidency both times
II. Judiciary Act of 1789
. . A) Supreme Court established with 6 Justices, Chief Justice, and Associate Justices
. . . . 1. John Jay – first Chief Justice
. . B) District Courts and Circuit Courts established (13 and 6 respectively)
. . C) Est. Office of Attorney General
. . . . 1. Edmund Randolph – First Attorney General
III. Financial Issues
. . A) Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury
. . . . 1. Needed to make sure that the United States had necessary money and revenue
. . . . 2. Tariff (1789) – 10 percent tariff
. . . . . . a) regular source of revenue, and principle protection of domestic manufacture by tariffs
. . . . 3. Sale of Public Lands
. . . . . . a) Lot of land sold by U.S. to speculators (huge areas) rather than farms
. . . . . . . . i. Lots of quick, easy revenue
. . . . 4. Excise Tax (and Whiskey Rebellion)
. . . . . . a) excise tax: taxing something produced, sold, and used in the U.S.
. . . . . . b) Looked upon as violation of liberty (anti-Revolution)
. . . . . . c) Excise Tax placed on Whiskey
. . . . . . . . i. Led to Whiskey Rebellion : corn farmers felt picked on, as large part of year’s labor is taxed
. . . . . . . . ii. Wide resistance of the tax/ Similar to Shay’s Rebellion – difference was central gov’t didn’t back down
. . . . . . . . iii. Enforcement of the tax laws with soldiers + over awed rebellious farmers = taxes paid
. . . . . . . . iv. Big victory for U.S. Government
. . . . . . d) Throughout U.S. History (up until this point) taxes largely resisted successfully
. . . . . . . . i. lesson of taxation needed to be learned
. . B) Domestic and Foreign Debts
. . . . 1. Gov’t bonds = $45 million; Foreign debt = $12 million
. . . . . . a) Hamilton: Combine two debts by issuing new bonds in exchange for depreciated old ones
. . . . 2. Combining of domestic and foreign debts and refinancing them by new issue of bonds called “funding the debt”
. . . . 3. Hamilton wins: “credit of the U.S. must be est. because:”
. . . . . . a) need to get respect or else poor trade agreements
. . . . . . b) could only be done by paying its bills and making sound currency
. . C) State Debts
. . . . 1. Hamilton: to est. credit, take over U.S. state debts due to war effort
. . . . . . a) pisses of South: already paid off larger share
. . . . . . b) Assumption Bill still passes: all states pay off total debt
. . . . 2. Passes through Republicans because Federalists promise moving of capital
. . . . . . a) this exchange of favors called: “logrolling”
IV. Party divisions
. . A) “Loose” construction – Federalists
. . . . 1. Alexander Hamilton – “elastic” clause goes towards central government
. . . . 2. powers not forbidden by Constitution goes to central government
. . . . 3. Originally supported ratification of Constitution
. . . . 4. professional people of larger communities
. . . . . . a) business owners, depended on commerce and trade
. . B) “Strict” construction – Democratic Republicans
. . . . 1. Thomas Jefferson – “elastic” clause goes towards the states
. . . . 2. powers not given to central government directly goes to states
. . . . 3. opposed ratification of the Constitution
. . . . 4. small farmers living away from towns – agrarian interests
. . C) 1st Bank of the United States (indication that division = economic)
. . . . 1. Supported by Federalists ( minus bankers)
. . . . 2. Powers of B.U.S.
. . . . . . a) Bank was private institution
. . . . . . b) could issue paper money
. . . . . . c) Could transfer credit easily and greatly aid business
. . . . . . d) Could pay taxes
. . . . . . e) Bank can handle sale of U.S. bonds
. . . . . . f) B.U.S. can issue short-term loans
. . . . 3. Benefits to the nation
. . . . . . a) Had stabilizing effect on currency system
. . . . . . b) Made other banks adopt sound banking practices
. . . . . . c) asset to economy – very prosperous private business
V. French Revolution (1793)
. . A) French v. England and Spain
. . . . 1. French send Citizen Genet to seek aid (Treaty of Alliance of 1778)
. . . . . . a) Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation
. . . . 2. Citizen Genet tries to recruit men in U.S. to take over Florida and Louisiana
. . . . 3. Ppl in France getting guillotine’d = Genet states in U.S.
. . B) Federalists support the English: commercial interest from trade, and gov’t interest of revenue
. . C) Republicans support the French: ideology of the French Revolution = freedom
. . . . 1. Difference in both foreign policy and domestic fiscal policy = clear division (two party split)
VI. Jay Treaty (1795)
. . A) England won’t leave trading and military posts on Great Lakes- Ohio River Valley
. . . . 1. unless British merchants paid for debts owed by American merchants and Loyalist recompensated
. . B) British begin campaign against neutral shipping (Nov. 1793)
. . . . 1. Any ship going from French colonies seized, taken over, and sometimes impressed
. . . . . . a) Any U.S. ship possible for British capture – serious blow to U.S. shipping
. . . . . . . . i. Seems as if war with England inevitable
. . C) Washington wants to avoid war at all costs – sends John Jay to attempt settlement
. . D) John Jay epicly fails with lopsided treaty
. . . . 1. British get out of Northwest trading and military posts
. . . . 2. US ships can’t trade cotton, molasses or sugar, and no more than 70 tons.
. . . . 3. VERY UNSATISFACTORY – large protests
. . E) Treaty pushed by Washington even though S.o.S. Edmund Randolph opposed – passes
. . . . 1. US couldn’t survive war at this point
VII. Pinckney Treaty (1795) aka San Lorenzo Treaty
. . A) Thomas Pinckney gets treaty with Spain *great terms* - liked by all sides
. . . . 1. free navigation of Mississippi River
. . . . 2. 31st parallel = southern boundary line
. . . . 3. Right of deposit at New Orleans = provided with use of port of New Orleans on same basis as Spain
. . . . . . a) New Orleans only exit for foreign trade by Americans west of Alleghenies
VIII. Washington’s Farewell Address
. . A) Avoid political parties and “permanent alliances” with any portion of foreign world.
Commentary: It is definitely interesting how Alexander Hamilton was able to push so many of his doctrines and ideas into play during the Washington Administration. Whether or not Washington was ever a true Federalist is beyond me, especially since the book is clearly ambiguous about his position on things. In my interpretation of the writings of this book, it seems that Alexander Hamilton was clearly the more persuasive one of Washington's Cabinet, seeing as how so many of his policies are put into play. What I wish to know is whether or not Washington was the person who actually brought up these points and delegated the forming of actual policy to Alexander Hamilton, which would more easily explain why Hamilton had such a high success rate.
Another thing that I find interesting is that John Adams chose to run against George Washington, which I assume because John Adams became vice president and also because Thomas Jefferson become vice president under Adams only because he got 2nd place during the election. It also doesn't say much about Adams' position in the whole election or what influence he had during the election. As I read more and more of these "President and their term" bios, I agree more and more with Teddy Roosevelt's statement that "My political career is dead once I become Vice President."
1st President George Washington (1789-1797)
I was WASHING(Washington) my Tie(1) because a GloB(89) fell on it while reading a BooK(97)
I. Election and Re-election
. . A) Unanimous vote of the Electoral College and inaugurated on April 30, 1979
. . B) Opposition to ratification now supported Constitution, and willing to work for change
. . . . 1. Demonstrated political maturity
. . C) John Adams elected for vice-presidency both times
II. Judiciary Act of 1789
. . A) Supreme Court established with 6 Justices, Chief Justice, and Associate Justices
. . . . 1. John Jay – first Chief Justice
. . B) District Courts and Circuit Courts established (13 and 6 respectively)
. . C) Est. Office of Attorney General
. . . . 1. Edmund Randolph – First Attorney General
III. Financial Issues
. . A) Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury
. . . . 1. Needed to make sure that the United States had necessary money and revenue
. . . . 2. Tariff (1789) – 10 percent tariff
. . . . . . a) regular source of revenue, and principle protection of domestic manufacture by tariffs
. . . . 3. Sale of Public Lands
. . . . . . a) Lot of land sold by U.S. to speculators (huge areas) rather than farms
. . . . . . . . i. Lots of quick, easy revenue
. . . . 4. Excise Tax (and Whiskey Rebellion)
. . . . . . a) excise tax: taxing something produced, sold, and used in the U.S.
. . . . . . b) Looked upon as violation of liberty (anti-Revolution)
. . . . . . c) Excise Tax placed on Whiskey
. . . . . . . . i. Led to Whiskey Rebellion : corn farmers felt picked on, as large part of year’s labor is taxed
. . . . . . . . ii. Wide resistance of the tax/ Similar to Shay’s Rebellion – difference was central gov’t didn’t back down
. . . . . . . . iii. Enforcement of the tax laws with soldiers + over awed rebellious farmers = taxes paid
. . . . . . . . iv. Big victory for U.S. Government
. . . . . . d) Throughout U.S. History (up until this point) taxes largely resisted successfully
. . . . . . . . i. lesson of taxation needed to be learned
. . B) Domestic and Foreign Debts
. . . . 1. Gov’t bonds = $45 million; Foreign debt = $12 million
. . . . . . a) Hamilton: Combine two debts by issuing new bonds in exchange for depreciated old ones
. . . . 2. Combining of domestic and foreign debts and refinancing them by new issue of bonds called “funding the debt”
. . . . 3. Hamilton wins: “credit of the U.S. must be est. because:”
. . . . . . a) need to get respect or else poor trade agreements
. . . . . . b) could only be done by paying its bills and making sound currency
. . C) State Debts
. . . . 1. Hamilton: to est. credit, take over U.S. state debts due to war effort
. . . . . . a) pisses of South: already paid off larger share
. . . . . . b) Assumption Bill still passes: all states pay off total debt
. . . . 2. Passes through Republicans because Federalists promise moving of capital
. . . . . . a) this exchange of favors called: “logrolling”
IV. Party divisions
. . A) “Loose” construction – Federalists
. . . . 1. Alexander Hamilton – “elastic” clause goes towards central government
. . . . 2. powers not forbidden by Constitution goes to central government
. . . . 3. Originally supported ratification of Constitution
. . . . 4. professional people of larger communities
. . . . . . a) business owners, depended on commerce and trade
. . B) “Strict” construction – Democratic Republicans
. . . . 1. Thomas Jefferson – “elastic” clause goes towards the states
. . . . 2. powers not given to central government directly goes to states
. . . . 3. opposed ratification of the Constitution
. . . . 4. small farmers living away from towns – agrarian interests
. . C) 1st Bank of the United States (indication that division = economic)
. . . . 1. Supported by Federalists ( minus bankers)
. . . . 2. Powers of B.U.S.
. . . . . . a) Bank was private institution
. . . . . . b) could issue paper money
. . . . . . c) Could transfer credit easily and greatly aid business
. . . . . . d) Could pay taxes
. . . . . . e) Bank can handle sale of U.S. bonds
. . . . . . f) B.U.S. can issue short-term loans
. . . . 3. Benefits to the nation
. . . . . . a) Had stabilizing effect on currency system
. . . . . . b) Made other banks adopt sound banking practices
. . . . . . c) asset to economy – very prosperous private business
V. French Revolution (1793)
. . A) French v. England and Spain
. . . . 1. French send Citizen Genet to seek aid (Treaty of Alliance of 1778)
. . . . . . a) Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation
. . . . 2. Citizen Genet tries to recruit men in U.S. to take over Florida and Louisiana
. . . . 3. Ppl in France getting guillotine’d = Genet states in U.S.
. . B) Federalists support the English: commercial interest from trade, and gov’t interest of revenue
. . C) Republicans support the French: ideology of the French Revolution = freedom
. . . . 1. Difference in both foreign policy and domestic fiscal policy = clear division (two party split)
VI. Jay Treaty (1795)
. . A) England won’t leave trading and military posts on Great Lakes- Ohio River Valley
. . . . 1. unless British merchants paid for debts owed by American merchants and Loyalist recompensated
. . B) British begin campaign against neutral shipping (Nov. 1793)
. . . . 1. Any ship going from French colonies seized, taken over, and sometimes impressed
. . . . . . a) Any U.S. ship possible for British capture – serious blow to U.S. shipping
. . . . . . . . i. Seems as if war with England inevitable
. . C) Washington wants to avoid war at all costs – sends John Jay to attempt settlement
. . D) John Jay epicly fails with lopsided treaty
. . . . 1. British get out of Northwest trading and military posts
. . . . 2. US ships can’t trade cotton, molasses or sugar, and no more than 70 tons.
. . . . 3. VERY UNSATISFACTORY – large protests
. . E) Treaty pushed by Washington even though S.o.S. Edmund Randolph opposed – passes
. . . . 1. US couldn’t survive war at this point
VII. Pinckney Treaty (1795) aka San Lorenzo Treaty
. . A) Thomas Pinckney gets treaty with Spain *great terms* - liked by all sides
. . . . 1. free navigation of Mississippi River
. . . . 2. 31st parallel = southern boundary line
. . . . 3. Right of deposit at New Orleans = provided with use of port of New Orleans on same basis as Spain
. . . . . . a) New Orleans only exit for foreign trade by Americans west of Alleghenies
VIII. Washington’s Farewell Address
. . A) Avoid political parties and “permanent alliances” with any portion of foreign world.
Commentary: It is definitely interesting how Alexander Hamilton was able to push so many of his doctrines and ideas into play during the Washington Administration. Whether or not Washington was ever a true Federalist is beyond me, especially since the book is clearly ambiguous about his position on things. In my interpretation of the writings of this book, it seems that Alexander Hamilton was clearly the more persuasive one of Washington's Cabinet, seeing as how so many of his policies are put into play. What I wish to know is whether or not Washington was the person who actually brought up these points and delegated the forming of actual policy to Alexander Hamilton, which would more easily explain why Hamilton had such a high success rate.
Another thing that I find interesting is that John Adams chose to run against George Washington, which I assume because John Adams became vice president and also because Thomas Jefferson become vice president under Adams only because he got 2nd place during the election. It also doesn't say much about Adams' position in the whole election or what influence he had during the election. As I read more and more of these "President and their term" bios, I agree more and more with Teddy Roosevelt's statement that "My political career is dead once I become Vice President."