Post by djxkorean on Jul 29, 2009 17:18:47 GMT -8
6th President John Quincy Adams 1825-1829
ADAM(Adams) was SHy(6) because he was naked. He hid behind the light of the NoVa(25) and took a NaP(29).
I. Favorite Sons' Elections
. . A. All candidates Republican (Jackson, J.Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay)
. . B. Crawford chosen by congressional caucus
. . C. Other candidates represented sections of the country
. . . . 1. West: Jackson, Henry Clay
. . . . . . a. Jackson most popular- hero of New Orleans and Florida
. . . . . . b. Clay dist. career in Congress and most personal charm
. . . . 2. Northeast: J.Q. Adams
. . . . . . a. Adams has most impressive public service record
. . . . 3. Crawford stricken with illness during campaign
. . D. Jackson had more electoral college and popular vote, but did not have necessary majority: too divided
. . . . 1. Went to the House of Representatives: every state had one vote.
. . . . . . a. Clay not in top 3, but as Speaker of the House, recommends Adams- Adams elected
. . E. Calhoun campaigns for V.P. and easily wins
. . F. Outcome hard to accept: moral obligation to elect Jackson who had most votes
. . G. Era of Good Feelings ends
. . . . 1. felt there was a "corrupt bargain"- Adams made Henry Clay Secretary of State
. . . . 2. Two political parties: National Republicans and Democratic Republicans
. . . . 3. Open secret that Jackson would be the Next President
II. NY state's Erie Canal (completed 1825)
. . A. 1st great east-west highway in the US
. . B. Wholly within state of New York and paid by the state
. . C. Most comfortable and quickest way for passenger travel over such a distance
. . D. Commerce and trade from the Great Lakes regions and the Ohio Valley flowed southward before the Erie Canal
. . . . a. new route made traffic turned eastward; population, best markets, and best approach to Europe to the east.
. . E. Bound West and the North better than Mississippi River bound West to South
. . . . a. before Erie Canal, port of New Orleans promise of being busiest port in US
. . . . b. After Erie Canal, city of New York = easy winner
. . . . c. Commercial ties form political ties; Northeast and West combine with South slipping isolation
III. Tariff of Abominations (1828)
. . A. Why was it written?
. . . . 1. South wanted to make Tariff of Abominations of 1828, in hopes that it would get Northerners to vote "no"
. . . . 2. political lesson South learned from Tariff of 1828 was that South would lose both House and Senate in any vote of issue of protection
. . . . . . a. Pro-tariff > anti-tariff. Gap continues to widen, esp. with Northeast and West growing closer together economically
. . B. Tariff of Abominations
. . . . 1. amply protective rates for most manufactured products of the Northeast
. . . . 2. ridiculously high protective rates for raw products that were vital to manufacturing
. . . . 3. high prices manufacturers have to pay for raw materials would nullified advantages from protection afforded to own products
. . C. Passes Congress
. . . . 1. talk of boycotts against New England's manufactured goods; Refusal to obey new tariff law srsly considered
. . . . 2. Began to question the value of remaining in the Union
IV. Calhoun's Exposition and Protest (1828) and S.Carolina's Nullification Act (1832)
. . A. Calhoun claimed that protective tariffs were unconstitutional
. . . . 1. Constitution is a compact among several sovereign states
. . . . 2. Federal gov't has only powers specifically delegated to it by Constitution
. . . . 3. powers to regulate foreign commerce only through "coercing foreign nations to a fair reciprocity"
. . . . 4. No mention in Constitution made about power to nullify law of Congress or right of state to withdraw from Union
. . . . . . a. Therefore, goes to the states
. . B. Calhoun's claim that protective tariff was unconstitutional rests on fact that tariff is a tax
. . . . 1. Constitution: tariff can only be levied to" provide for common defense, pay public debt, promote general revenue
. . . . . . a. Protective tariff violates these purposes
. . . . 2. S. Carolina (acting on these ideas) passed Nullification Act in Nov. 1832.
. . C. Other than S.Carolina, no Southern state in 1832 willing to entertain such extreme position
V. Counter-argument to Calhoun, Hayne, and Davis
. . A. Constitution is not a compact of sovereign states: "We the People..."
. . B. def. of "commerce" given very broad interpretation (see Gibbons v. Ogden)
. . C. right of state to nullify a law of Congress = utter confusion
. . D. right of state to secede from Union contradicts purpose of Constitution
7th President Andrew Jackson 1829-1837
I played JACKS(Jackson) while flying a Kite(7) and taking a NaP(29) with MiCKy(37).
I. Election and Reelection
. . A. Campaign of 1828 revived "corrupt bargain" cry
. . B. Andrew Jackson, being hero of New Orleans and florida, easily won
. . C. Reelection: crushing defeat of National Republican Party vs. Henry Clay
. . . . 1. B.U.S. great issue between Jackson and Clay
II. Jacksonian Democracy - refers to reforms of the 1820s and 1830s
. . A. Jackson is first President that people could feel was one of them
. . B. Given nickname "Old Hickory" by soldiers at New Orleans
. . C. President from west of Alleghenies represented the West
. . D. new spirit to the nation which proved fertile soil for reform movements, political, economic, and social
. . . . 1. Caucus replaced by nominating convention: organized by political party- political device used
. . . . 2. States choosing presidential electors by legislature changed to democratic system of direct election by the voters.
. . . . 3. spoil system favored by Jackson: party that wins election = members appointed to gov't jobs
. . . . . . a. demands made on public officials met by almost any ordianry citizen
. . . . 4. Reform sweeps through the administration
. . . . . . a. labor unions begin to seek political power
. . . . . . b. abolition of imprisonment for debt, free education for all, abolition of prison contract labor
. . . . . . c. laws against craftperson's tools in payment of, 10 hour day replaces usual 12-hour day
. . . . . . d. labor laws on state and city levels
. . . . . . . . i. panic of 1837- unemployment and severe wage cuts, puts end to organized labor
. . . . 5. Social Reform
. . . . . . a. Dorothea Dix- insane need hospitalization; mvmt for prison reform
. . . . . . b. Emma Willard - makes 1st women's college in the United States
. . . . . . c. Oberlin College becomes 1st coeducational college in 1834
. . . . . . d. Mary Lyon - founds Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1837
. . . . . . e. American Temperance Union hold 1st nat'l convention (1836)
. . . . . . f. Grinke sisters- freed own slaves and preach cause of abolition
. . . . . . . . i. both were Quakers who made large contribution to leadership of humanitarian reforms
. . . . . . g. Frances (Fanny) Wright= sets up colony of free backs near Memphis; supported women's rights, abolition, free public education, labor unions
. . . . . . h. Lucretia Mott - opposed slavery and supported equal rights
. . . . . . i. Elizabeth Cady Stanton - writes Declaration of Sentiments: closely modeled on Decl. of Indep.
. . . . . . j. William Lloyd Garrison- most effect voice against slavery; calls for immediate emancipation; temperance reform and votes for women
. . . . 6. Free Public Education extended
. . . . . . a. Horace Mann- organized public school system in Mass; greatly influenced public education throughout US
. . . . . . b. In 1827, every town of 500 families+ has to have high school
. . . . . . c. worker's organizations in cities of Northeast most active groups supporting creation and extension of free public schools
. . . . . . d. William Ladd- leading part in the forming of the American Peace Society: called for congress of nations and int'l court
. . . . . . . . i. there must be some other way than war
III. Tariffs of 1832 and 1833
. . A. President Jackson thought to reflect tariff views common to most ppl of the South and Southwest
. . . . 1. Contrary- accepts any tariff policy that Congress saw fit to enact into law and made sure law was enforced
. . B. Tariff of 1832
. . . . 1. unimportant modification of the Tariff of Abominations
. . . . . . a. Calhoun resigns as Vice President and entered Senate
. . . . 2. Calhoun's "Exposition" and S. Carolina's Nullification Act rejected by Jackson
. . C. Calhoun and Jackson has both personal and political conflicts
. . D. Nullification Act = threat by S. Carolina
. . . . 1. not permit import duties collected w/in borders in accordance to with tariff laws
. . . . 2. Jackson has power to use whatever force might be necessary in orders to carry out laws of the US
. . . . 3. Force Bill passed: told S.Carolina and Calhoun that they had no sympathy with nullification and the states intention not to obey tariff laws
. . E. Tariff of 1833- Henry Clay's compromise
. . . . 1. provided annual reduction of tariff rates for ten years
. . . . . . a. moderate protective level of 1816
. . . . 2. Jackson wanted law would be enforced in South Carolina; doctrine of nullification and claim that protective tariffs = unconstitutional dropped
IV. Second B.U.S.
. . A. Functioned well as stabilizer; conservative check upon less responsible banks
. . B. Stock held in equal amounts by wealthy families in South, Middle States, and Europeans
. . C. Clay tries to make recharter of B.U.S. major issue of campaign in Jackson's reelection
. . D. Clay got Congress to get recharter bill passed in July 1832; vetoed by President Jackson
. . E. Jackson's reasons
. . . . 1. B.U.S. unconstitutional - it is monopoly; shares of stocks benefit opulent citizens at expense of ppl
. . . . 2. B.U.S. could influence foreign policy through power of foreign stockholders
. . . . 3. present stockholders have no right to special favors
. . . . 4. funds used in irregular manner to further political views of its President
. . . . 5. Supreme Court decision that B.U.S. constitutional no authority; right remains in President and Congress
. . F. Jackson's reelection = death of 2nd B.U.S.
. . . . a. gov't deposition in 80 state banks: called Jackson's pet banks
V. Indian Removals
. . A. Native Americans as competitors for ownership of the land of the Southeast
. . B. Indians forced to move to Indian Territory in 800 mile journey along "Trail of Tears"
. . . . 1. forced removals = death due to disease and starvation
. . . . 2. American Indian fate worsens after Civil War
VI. Whig Party
. . A. growing number of Democrats disliked Jackson's appeal to the "people" and tendency to view unkindly or ppl of wealth and social prestige
. . B. eastern seaboard states of South had many families with political power and unhappy with Westerner of humble origin led party
. . C. Anger of extremists in South due to Jackson's firm stance against nullification and stance that wasn't against tariffs
. . D. Whig Party culmination of anti-Jackson people
. . . . 1. Southerners in same fold as Nat'l Republicans
. . E. Basic weakness of party = only unified by hatred against Jackson
. . . . 1. Therefore, always avoid major political issues because any major issue = split of party
Commentary: I would first like to say that Andrew Jackson is one of my favorite Presidents, largely because of his appeal to the "people". Here is a man who actively upheld the definition of "democracy" while also maintaining the political power of the national gov't. Political stability was clearly the most important thing, and any dissent was viewed as a direct threat against this very stability. Viewing the nations goals as the most important, Jackson was definitely a hot-headed, yet intelligent common-people president.
Another thing I would like to mention is the great short-sightedness of the South. I am baffled by their position of the Nullification Act and their view of secession. Is it not obvious that a nation that allowed secession or nullification was extremely unstable, and that a gov't that focused on state sovereignty WAY above central gov't would only result in inevitable destruction of the nation? Even looking at historical precedent would indicate this, but instead, the Southerners choose to be extremely selfish. All they would have to do is pick up their "small" history book of US History and realize that the Articles of Confederation failed precisely because the power was focused in the state gov'ts and gave very limited powers to the central gov't.
ADAM(Adams) was SHy(6) because he was naked. He hid behind the light of the NoVa(25) and took a NaP(29).
I. Favorite Sons' Elections
. . A. All candidates Republican (Jackson, J.Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay)
. . B. Crawford chosen by congressional caucus
. . C. Other candidates represented sections of the country
. . . . 1. West: Jackson, Henry Clay
. . . . . . a. Jackson most popular- hero of New Orleans and Florida
. . . . . . b. Clay dist. career in Congress and most personal charm
. . . . 2. Northeast: J.Q. Adams
. . . . . . a. Adams has most impressive public service record
. . . . 3. Crawford stricken with illness during campaign
. . D. Jackson had more electoral college and popular vote, but did not have necessary majority: too divided
. . . . 1. Went to the House of Representatives: every state had one vote.
. . . . . . a. Clay not in top 3, but as Speaker of the House, recommends Adams- Adams elected
. . E. Calhoun campaigns for V.P. and easily wins
. . F. Outcome hard to accept: moral obligation to elect Jackson who had most votes
. . G. Era of Good Feelings ends
. . . . 1. felt there was a "corrupt bargain"- Adams made Henry Clay Secretary of State
. . . . 2. Two political parties: National Republicans and Democratic Republicans
. . . . 3. Open secret that Jackson would be the Next President
II. NY state's Erie Canal (completed 1825)
. . A. 1st great east-west highway in the US
. . B. Wholly within state of New York and paid by the state
. . C. Most comfortable and quickest way for passenger travel over such a distance
. . D. Commerce and trade from the Great Lakes regions and the Ohio Valley flowed southward before the Erie Canal
. . . . a. new route made traffic turned eastward; population, best markets, and best approach to Europe to the east.
. . E. Bound West and the North better than Mississippi River bound West to South
. . . . a. before Erie Canal, port of New Orleans promise of being busiest port in US
. . . . b. After Erie Canal, city of New York = easy winner
. . . . c. Commercial ties form political ties; Northeast and West combine with South slipping isolation
III. Tariff of Abominations (1828)
. . A. Why was it written?
. . . . 1. South wanted to make Tariff of Abominations of 1828, in hopes that it would get Northerners to vote "no"
. . . . 2. political lesson South learned from Tariff of 1828 was that South would lose both House and Senate in any vote of issue of protection
. . . . . . a. Pro-tariff > anti-tariff. Gap continues to widen, esp. with Northeast and West growing closer together economically
. . B. Tariff of Abominations
. . . . 1. amply protective rates for most manufactured products of the Northeast
. . . . 2. ridiculously high protective rates for raw products that were vital to manufacturing
. . . . 3. high prices manufacturers have to pay for raw materials would nullified advantages from protection afforded to own products
. . C. Passes Congress
. . . . 1. talk of boycotts against New England's manufactured goods; Refusal to obey new tariff law srsly considered
. . . . 2. Began to question the value of remaining in the Union
IV. Calhoun's Exposition and Protest (1828) and S.Carolina's Nullification Act (1832)
. . A. Calhoun claimed that protective tariffs were unconstitutional
. . . . 1. Constitution is a compact among several sovereign states
. . . . 2. Federal gov't has only powers specifically delegated to it by Constitution
. . . . 3. powers to regulate foreign commerce only through "coercing foreign nations to a fair reciprocity"
. . . . 4. No mention in Constitution made about power to nullify law of Congress or right of state to withdraw from Union
. . . . . . a. Therefore, goes to the states
. . B. Calhoun's claim that protective tariff was unconstitutional rests on fact that tariff is a tax
. . . . 1. Constitution: tariff can only be levied to" provide for common defense, pay public debt, promote general revenue
. . . . . . a. Protective tariff violates these purposes
. . . . 2. S. Carolina (acting on these ideas) passed Nullification Act in Nov. 1832.
. . C. Other than S.Carolina, no Southern state in 1832 willing to entertain such extreme position
V. Counter-argument to Calhoun, Hayne, and Davis
. . A. Constitution is not a compact of sovereign states: "We the People..."
. . B. def. of "commerce" given very broad interpretation (see Gibbons v. Ogden)
. . C. right of state to nullify a law of Congress = utter confusion
. . D. right of state to secede from Union contradicts purpose of Constitution
7th President Andrew Jackson 1829-1837
I played JACKS(Jackson) while flying a Kite(7) and taking a NaP(29) with MiCKy(37).
I. Election and Reelection
. . A. Campaign of 1828 revived "corrupt bargain" cry
. . B. Andrew Jackson, being hero of New Orleans and florida, easily won
. . C. Reelection: crushing defeat of National Republican Party vs. Henry Clay
. . . . 1. B.U.S. great issue between Jackson and Clay
II. Jacksonian Democracy - refers to reforms of the 1820s and 1830s
. . A. Jackson is first President that people could feel was one of them
. . B. Given nickname "Old Hickory" by soldiers at New Orleans
. . C. President from west of Alleghenies represented the West
. . D. new spirit to the nation which proved fertile soil for reform movements, political, economic, and social
. . . . 1. Caucus replaced by nominating convention: organized by political party- political device used
. . . . 2. States choosing presidential electors by legislature changed to democratic system of direct election by the voters.
. . . . 3. spoil system favored by Jackson: party that wins election = members appointed to gov't jobs
. . . . . . a. demands made on public officials met by almost any ordianry citizen
. . . . 4. Reform sweeps through the administration
. . . . . . a. labor unions begin to seek political power
. . . . . . b. abolition of imprisonment for debt, free education for all, abolition of prison contract labor
. . . . . . c. laws against craftperson's tools in payment of, 10 hour day replaces usual 12-hour day
. . . . . . d. labor laws on state and city levels
. . . . . . . . i. panic of 1837- unemployment and severe wage cuts, puts end to organized labor
. . . . 5. Social Reform
. . . . . . a. Dorothea Dix- insane need hospitalization; mvmt for prison reform
. . . . . . b. Emma Willard - makes 1st women's college in the United States
. . . . . . c. Oberlin College becomes 1st coeducational college in 1834
. . . . . . d. Mary Lyon - founds Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1837
. . . . . . e. American Temperance Union hold 1st nat'l convention (1836)
. . . . . . f. Grinke sisters- freed own slaves and preach cause of abolition
. . . . . . . . i. both were Quakers who made large contribution to leadership of humanitarian reforms
. . . . . . g. Frances (Fanny) Wright= sets up colony of free backs near Memphis; supported women's rights, abolition, free public education, labor unions
. . . . . . h. Lucretia Mott - opposed slavery and supported equal rights
. . . . . . i. Elizabeth Cady Stanton - writes Declaration of Sentiments: closely modeled on Decl. of Indep.
. . . . . . j. William Lloyd Garrison- most effect voice against slavery; calls for immediate emancipation; temperance reform and votes for women
. . . . 6. Free Public Education extended
. . . . . . a. Horace Mann- organized public school system in Mass; greatly influenced public education throughout US
. . . . . . b. In 1827, every town of 500 families+ has to have high school
. . . . . . c. worker's organizations in cities of Northeast most active groups supporting creation and extension of free public schools
. . . . . . d. William Ladd- leading part in the forming of the American Peace Society: called for congress of nations and int'l court
. . . . . . . . i. there must be some other way than war
III. Tariffs of 1832 and 1833
. . A. President Jackson thought to reflect tariff views common to most ppl of the South and Southwest
. . . . 1. Contrary- accepts any tariff policy that Congress saw fit to enact into law and made sure law was enforced
. . B. Tariff of 1832
. . . . 1. unimportant modification of the Tariff of Abominations
. . . . . . a. Calhoun resigns as Vice President and entered Senate
. . . . 2. Calhoun's "Exposition" and S. Carolina's Nullification Act rejected by Jackson
. . C. Calhoun and Jackson has both personal and political conflicts
. . D. Nullification Act = threat by S. Carolina
. . . . 1. not permit import duties collected w/in borders in accordance to with tariff laws
. . . . 2. Jackson has power to use whatever force might be necessary in orders to carry out laws of the US
. . . . 3. Force Bill passed: told S.Carolina and Calhoun that they had no sympathy with nullification and the states intention not to obey tariff laws
. . E. Tariff of 1833- Henry Clay's compromise
. . . . 1. provided annual reduction of tariff rates for ten years
. . . . . . a. moderate protective level of 1816
. . . . 2. Jackson wanted law would be enforced in South Carolina; doctrine of nullification and claim that protective tariffs = unconstitutional dropped
IV. Second B.U.S.
. . A. Functioned well as stabilizer; conservative check upon less responsible banks
. . B. Stock held in equal amounts by wealthy families in South, Middle States, and Europeans
. . C. Clay tries to make recharter of B.U.S. major issue of campaign in Jackson's reelection
. . D. Clay got Congress to get recharter bill passed in July 1832; vetoed by President Jackson
. . E. Jackson's reasons
. . . . 1. B.U.S. unconstitutional - it is monopoly; shares of stocks benefit opulent citizens at expense of ppl
. . . . 2. B.U.S. could influence foreign policy through power of foreign stockholders
. . . . 3. present stockholders have no right to special favors
. . . . 4. funds used in irregular manner to further political views of its President
. . . . 5. Supreme Court decision that B.U.S. constitutional no authority; right remains in President and Congress
. . F. Jackson's reelection = death of 2nd B.U.S.
. . . . a. gov't deposition in 80 state banks: called Jackson's pet banks
V. Indian Removals
. . A. Native Americans as competitors for ownership of the land of the Southeast
. . B. Indians forced to move to Indian Territory in 800 mile journey along "Trail of Tears"
. . . . 1. forced removals = death due to disease and starvation
. . . . 2. American Indian fate worsens after Civil War
VI. Whig Party
. . A. growing number of Democrats disliked Jackson's appeal to the "people" and tendency to view unkindly or ppl of wealth and social prestige
. . B. eastern seaboard states of South had many families with political power and unhappy with Westerner of humble origin led party
. . C. Anger of extremists in South due to Jackson's firm stance against nullification and stance that wasn't against tariffs
. . D. Whig Party culmination of anti-Jackson people
. . . . 1. Southerners in same fold as Nat'l Republicans
. . E. Basic weakness of party = only unified by hatred against Jackson
. . . . 1. Therefore, always avoid major political issues because any major issue = split of party
Commentary: I would first like to say that Andrew Jackson is one of my favorite Presidents, largely because of his appeal to the "people". Here is a man who actively upheld the definition of "democracy" while also maintaining the political power of the national gov't. Political stability was clearly the most important thing, and any dissent was viewed as a direct threat against this very stability. Viewing the nations goals as the most important, Jackson was definitely a hot-headed, yet intelligent common-people president.
Another thing I would like to mention is the great short-sightedness of the South. I am baffled by their position of the Nullification Act and their view of secession. Is it not obvious that a nation that allowed secession or nullification was extremely unstable, and that a gov't that focused on state sovereignty WAY above central gov't would only result in inevitable destruction of the nation? Even looking at historical precedent would indicate this, but instead, the Southerners choose to be extremely selfish. All they would have to do is pick up their "small" history book of US History and realize that the Articles of Confederation failed precisely because the power was focused in the state gov'ts and gave very limited powers to the central gov't.