101 Monica Kweon

[vocabulitis5]

Instructions for July 16th.



The following are problematic phrases taken from practice tests. Before we begin the lecture, take some time to go through the list and try to identify the grammar rule associated with the phrase. Write your guess in the right column. You are not expected to know all of them, but I will need to see your guesses to know how well you know your grammar topics. During lecture, you will need to replace your text with the correct answers.



You have until 4:30 PM to go through the list.





RED FLAG
RULE

4:00 P.M. this afternoon
redundancy(this afternoon is unnecessary)repeating ideas

a means of survival
means-end(singular)CORRECT

a number of
/the number of-is(singular for the 'the')but for the 'a number'-its plural(*of)

A talented and versatile artist,
beginning of the sentence
S-V,becomes modifier
talent=noun, plain adj
(appositive)-dangling
gerund=ing, used as noun
participle=ed,ing, used as adj
ex)the man walked his dog in a blue coat(dangling:in a blue coat-wrong place)
abide with
abide=follow, with-by

about me getting the seats
me-my
possesive pronoun before a gerund
-ing form of word= verb used as a noun
about who
who=he, she, i (subject pronoun) about him, her, me(object pronoun)
who to whom
about-preposition(on, from, to, around-followed by sth)
After seeing the movie,
dangling modifier

agreement among two people
among=three or more things
between=two things
Along the curve of the island lies¡­
adverb phrases
don't need commas=cause dangling modifiers
prepositional phrases-no S
telling where it is
Ex)in my dest is/are seven pennies(only tells you where)CORRECT(when/where+verb+subject)
as expensive than
as expensive as (comparison)
as+adj+as
At the heart of this program....
where sth is, V-S
same as 10
barely
double negative(can barely, wrong:can't)

because of being¡­
eliminate being
because of -prepositional
before
/after in the sentence(rule about tense-one happen in the past, and the other is before the past)
A before B(A=has to be a past perfect tense<had V>, B=just past tense)
best workers are those which¡­
which to who
workers are people-who
between
/among
between A and B
between is preposition(=of,to)
Between the sales manager and I
between ...and me

between you and I
I to me
between Joe annd him
Burdened with luggage¡­
dangling modifier
...., S
clever designed birdfeeder
two adj.
clever to cleverly
concerned ____
about(most of the time), with the idea of sth

confident about
confident in

department
collective noun
(team, jewerly)
always singular
different than
different from

each of the women
each is S and singular
she and not they
either
either has to be used with or
singular
everybody
indefinite pronouns: always singular
he(include all sexes)
everyone
singular

family
collective nouns/singular

Far away from being a conservative,¡­
away-eliminated
far away- only for distance
farther-used for distance
further-more
fieldwork where they can study ¡­
fieldwork-project,not a place
where-used after the place
for Joe and I
for-preposition
for Joe and me
for we students
we/us,ignore the students
for us students
for who
for whom
preposition
foundation awarded Carlos and I
scatch out carlos and
awarded me
had swam
word form
past participle
had swum
bring brought brought
slay slew slain
had taken
past perfect

Hailed as one of the best poets of all time,
dangling
lie lay lain
lay laid laid-to place
i want you to lay down
-to lie
has taken
present perfect
past participle after the have
he had wrote
he had written
past perfect
had, have, has, (was, were, is, are,-indicate particular voice=passive<...by>) -written
he has cast his vote
has-present perfect tense
cast-cast, cast, cast
burst burst burst
he is regarded to be
to be- dont need,change to 'as'

her ability for supervising
for supervising-check against to the word 'ability'
ability to supervise=correct
supervising=gerund
to do=infinitive
split infinitive- to never eat
-incorrect (put never infront or back of the infinitive)
infinitive= -to do
gerund= -ing
participle
him talking
his talking
possesive before gerund
I am as smart as
'as' or 'than' she is

I am better than her
her- she is

I am taller than
she is
than is comparing two sentences.
mom loves the dog more than I= mom loves the dog more than i love the dog
more than me= loves dog more than she loves me
I feel badly
linking verbs-feel
-verb=action, state of being
predicate adj/n
after the linking verb=both can adj or n, but not adv
badly- bad
sensory words are linking verbs
five senses-seems, looks, sounds, smells, tastes
I prefer that ¡­she study
wish or hope-(i hope that she do sth)
i recommend,prefer, is important, necessary..that she come/arrive(infinitive)
if he could, he would choose to do it
if he had done A,(then)he would have done B.
If she had studied she would have gotten A.
if he had could, he would have choose to do it.
If he ¡­
if he (were=noun/had done-action)
hypothetical situation
If I was any faster
if i were any faster

if she had accepted, she¡­
would have started successful career.

imminent
vs. emminent
imminent: about to happen soon- imminent danger
emminent:well respected
emminent professor
In the foothills of the mountain range is¡­
verb subject matter
subject will come out later
underlined tells you where
where V S
In the year of 1977
redundentcy
in 1977-correct form
no need to repeat the same idea
incredulous
story is incredible
the listener is incredulous
indebted with
indebted to somebody
you owe someone
Inside the box is ¡­
where V S

intently and with compassion
parallelism
intently-adv
with compassion-prepositional
-intently(carefully) and compassionately
-with intent(purposely) and with compassion
invaluable
=very valuable

is different ¡­
A is different from B

It is important that ¡­
angela study

It was them
it=they
it was they
it is I
itself
i kicked myself
i myself built the house
jury
collective noun
family team group
get the singular verb
the audience is
kind of a car
kinds of cars
a kind of car(correct form)
cant have 'a' after the kind
largely due to
bad wording
change to because
or ..her absences
her being absences
(-no good)
last year
time signal
tense of the verb
did form of the verb
lay
vs. lie
laying an egg
less
less than
less vs. fewer
less of sth(not countable)
fewer of sth(countable)
less money
fewer coins
less fat
fat is not countable
less fat, fewer calorie
less paper
paper is countable
fewer paper
depend of the sentence
few sheets of paper
but paper in boxes
we should by less paper
less than three women
three women are countable
fewer than three women
look at the prices close
close to closely
me gaining weight
my gaining weight

more
comparing two things

most
comparing three or more things
many vs. much
many is countable
many coins/much money
Mother told my brother and I
mother told my brother and me
cross out the other person
mother told I-wrong
neither
(of the boys)is
neither is singular as subject
neither A nor B is/are
look at the word that closer to the verb(B)
neither
girls nor the teacher is
(because the teacher is singular)
none
(of the people) is
subject-singular
none of us
singular(is,does)

not only
not only A...but also B
A and B have to be parallel
now that
requires-sth has happened
now that i have done
*have done, has done
one likes to believe¡­
one is ok by itself
it will change into you(I, they)
one=he/she
one should realized your success by your success.
your-to his
one of the kids
one of the kids is
S is one
ought
=should
correct words
people which were attending
which-people=who
which-only for objects
people who wish to be a model
people-models
plural to plural
persecuted
vs.prosecuted
persecute-to torture people
prosecute-take someone to court
plus being
always wrong
and being
prefer
prefer+to
prefer.....to
preoccupation
preoccupied +with
preoccupation with
principle
vs.principal
principle-'le' =rule
main priciple of the religion
principal-'pal'=main,other than priciple
prohibit
prohibit someone from doing sth-pattern

prohibit to own
prohibit the student from owning

protested over the decision
protested(not 'over')

rarely
same as #13
barely, scarcely-negative
i can't barely hear you
-wrong(double negative)
rock and roll
pb and j
green eggs and ham
sth and sth +is
singular
scarcely
same is #100

sensitive to be criticized
criticized-have to be noun
criticizism
she could of done
not of-she could've done

since 1985
for ten years
since/for-verb needs to be
(have done, has done)
staff
collective noun

stationery
vs.stationary
a=stay
stationary(not moving)
stationery(pencils and papers)
supply and demand
is(singular)

surely
correct

ten pages or less
countable
ten pages or fewer
less(not countable)
than
more, less, bigger+than

the announcement where ¡­
where(only if the word before is place) =when(only for time)
change to (in which)
the author about whom I wrote¡­
correct
(*about whom)=about him
the boys and their teacher
'and' connection
doesnt matter A and B
verb has to be 'are'
look at the verb closer
the council announced their decision
the council(collective noun)
its decision
the latter
latter=
i like apples and bananas.
The former is red;the latter is yellow.
former:first thing
latter: later one
the most perfect
can't compare the word 'perfect'=100%
same with 'unique'
the number of
vs. a number of
the number=singular(countable)
a number=plural
the amount of=not countable
the number of people have increased
have to has

the period of time
redundant
the period/the time
the principal was aggravated
aggravated-make worse(his anger can be, but not person)
irritated
the principle doctrines
principle=rule
the rule doctirines? NO
main doctrines
-principal doctrines
the rapid spreading notion
rapid describe spreading
-rapidly spreading
adj to adv
the reason is because
the reason is that
not because
the scene when
not when(only for time)
the scene which
the story where
not where(only for place)
the story which
the use of plastic is greater than¡­
comparing
the use of plasitic is greater than...*the use
there is usually two German shepherds
there is, dummy subject
-there are
there were two causes:
use of colon-....the following
(intro to that)
this being that
bad wording
being....bad!!!!(usually)
this group of people
correct

To pass English this year, ¡­
dangling
word student after comma
Until it can
'it' '...., the sth'
clear about the 'it'
was more widely read than
make sure you have the comparing things(person to person/ poem to poem)

we had rented
tense issue
had rented happened first
-have to have another past action
you
you is
don't get mixed with one
you are taller than I
correct

off of
he fell off of the truck
either off the truck
or of the truck
off is the preposition by itself
discrete
=different
two discrete problem
comparing
separating ee by t
two different things
discreet
=judgement
use good discreet

[monicakweon]

READING
SECTION 2
1. stage scenery=setting
realistic room perched on a dirt pile
2. affluence of hollywood-rich
'that' more than what you need
corpulence-fat
second blank, suffers
vex-irritate
3. suffering from various ailments
why the sick people go there
to cure it
thermal pools=hot springs
succulent: fruit, vegetable, ready to eat
redolent:smell, remind you of sth
cerebral:brain
4. valuable and comprehensive=positive
subsequent-following
debacle=failure, disaster
undermine=weaken
5. in the way, delaying the launch
thwarted-slow you down
forfeited: lose sth
implement:use
redoubled his effort
6. offended=doing sth bad
these-offensive remarks
commendable-praise
intemperate-not temperate, not mild
haranguing-harangue-to throw a lot of speech
radical-very different from regular point of view
conciliatory words-soothing words
indulgent-please someone
7. limping slowly back to the campsite
halting gait.
prompt-on time
facile-easy=facil
8. melodrama-overly dramatic
emphasized tense moments
imperious-like an emperor
swoon-faint
inscutable-scrutinized
teacher scrutinize every detail
critical
convivial-lively
convivial partygoers-gregarious
solicitous; to solicit-asking people to buy, donate
-asking your neighbor if they need any help
histrionic lawyer-being too dramatic

9. E(understand sign lang, solve puzzle, use objects)
what humans do
10. passage1- dolphins' intelligences are very near to our own
passage2-smart in their own way, different than human intelligence
A:talked about how they measured the intelligence
C:neither passages stated
D:there are lot of activities
11.dolphin way of life, until we know more
D: not enough evidnece
12. they are intelligent

13.read the paragraph 1
read sentence before and after
around the sentence
how the native americans were hard to understand
pilgrim settles-to compare somebody in the past to current
A:not less complicated
B: not religious
C:contrast is correct but not reformers mentioned in the paragraph
D:debunk a myth:show the myth is false, not colonial life
E: correct, making a comparison "the twentieth century"
14."charged"
europeans' view of native american
replenished:restocked
15.Rousseau:not new
an old idea of the native american
longevity

16.regarded as ancient, stone age
A:story of anthropology:stone age
fallacy:misunderstand
17.difficulty
undermined: undermined the teacher's authority
weakening
native americans are just same as others
ancestor descendant model
because the NA are same as others, the story of ancestor descendant relationship is not working.
A
18. there cultures are developed same as others
A; not customs, it against the myths
B: not contradistic
C:any people, same as everybody as else, essential to survival:medicines, philosophys
19. "they"
European perceived NA
stuck in the past
C:not NA thought about Euro
D:NA are not accepted
20. nothing can be really known
written documentation, do not exist
oral history,tales, ...
wanted written documentation
B:overly narrow methodology
only looking for written docs.
archaeological:dig out
21.educated guess

22.geographical refereces
underscore:emphasize
any place of world, the story of NA are popular

23.'most students'
they have wrong idea of NA
so its minus zero
start from wrong idea
undergo the state of disillusionment
disillusionment: you are mistaken about sth
realize, sth you believed in was wrong
24.start from wrong idea
preconception: before idea


homework
5. Dangerously high winds ...... attempts to begin the space shuttle mission on schedule, delaying the launch by nearly a week.
-The blank should mean something that is delaying the launch. So the blank has to be something that means in the way or blocking something from happening.
The word 'thwarted' means to prevent sth from doing what they want to do. 'Forfeited' means to lose sth and 'implemented' means to carry out or to use.

11. the two passages differ in their views of dolphin intelligence in that passage 1 states that dolphins..
-Passage 1 stated that the dolphins' intelligences are similar to human intelligence.
Passage 2 stated that the dolphins' intelligences are right for the dolphins' way of life. "Until we know more, we can say the dolphins' intelligences are different."
A: passage 2 didnt say that dolphin's intelligence are roughly equal to human intelligence.
B:Passage 2 stated the different intelligence uses of animals but didn't say that the dolphins are outperform other animals.
C: Passage 2 didnt compare dolphins with other animals.
D: is the correct one. Passage 1 said the dolphins are highly intelligent and passage 2 said we cant say anything about the dolphin's intelligence until we know more. So we don't have enough evidence to say about them.
E:passage 1 didnt say about the size of brain.

13. The reference to "the pilgrim settlers" is used to
-"their contemporaries at the end of the twentieth century as they were to the Pilgrim settlers over three hundred fifty years ago."
The Pilgrim settlers used to compare the past with the current in the twentieth century.
E: is the correction answer because the Pilgrim settlers are from three hundred fifty years ago but with the word 'as' draw the parallel with the twentieth century.

14. in line 12, "charged" most nearly means..
-"European or Euro American thinkers to regard Native Americans as fundamentally and profoundly different, motivated more often bu misticism than by ambition, charged more by infathomable visions than by intelligence or introspection."
-Charged most nearly means that motivated by.
Because 'replenished' means restocked, it is not correct. D is the correct answer.

15. in line 14, the reference to Rousseau is used to emphasize the
Rousseau was an eighteenth century french philosoper.
"this idea is certainly not new. Rousseau's "noble savages"wandered, pure of heart, through a pristine world. "
-Rousseau's idea was similar to the vision of Native Americans to Europeans.
A:it is not the cultural bias
B:correct, it is the longevity of certain types of misconceptions. that misconception toward the native american was not the new idea. Rousseau' idea was used to convince that this idea is not new.
C:Europeans misunderstood the NA but it was not the fear the unknown.
D: not the diversity in intellectual traditions.
E:not to tell that Rousseau was fallible.

16. The phrase "international crowd pleaser" refers to.
"examples of what stone age europeans must have been like. It's a great story, an international crowd pleaser, but there is a difficulty."
-the international crowd pleaser means the popular one, what everyone likes.
It refers the story of stone age of Native Americans.
The answer is A because the anthropology if about the stone age and the fallacy means the misunderstanding.

17. the "difficulty" referred to in line 29 most directly undermines..
-undermine means to weaken something.
So what the question askes is what is being undermined by the difficulty. Previously, European misunderstood that the NA are not same human as the Europeans and they are from the stone age. However, the difficulty which is that the NA are same human as the Europeans. It undermines that belief of the story and the misunderstanding of Europeans.
The correct answer is A. Europeans stated the ancestor and descendant model to NA to state that NA are from the stone age.

18. Lines 34-37 describe
-"their cultures have had to make internal sense, their medicines have had to work consistently and practivally, their philosophical explanations have had to be reasonably satisfying and dependable."
-their cultures are as developed as others.
A:it is not customs, the lines are against the myth.
B: not contradistic
C: the medicines, philosophical explanations, and cultures are the things what they needed for the survival. Correct answer.

19. The two sentences that begin with "they" in lines 52-53 serve to express the
"It is little wonder, therefore, that Native Americans were perceived not so much as they were but as they had to be, from a European viewpoint. They dealt in magic, not method. They were stuck in their past, not guided by its precedents."
European perceived NA. It is how the Europeans wanted to see of NA.
A:correct. European perceived NA
B: it's the viewpoint of European, not the research.
C: not about the European.
D: NA didn't accept this viewpoint.
E:not the survival techniques.

20. in lines 66-70, the author portrays western historians as
"The familiar and reassuring kinds of written documentation found in European societies of equivalent chronological periods do not exist, and the forms of tribal recod preservation available-oral history, tales, mnemonic devices, and religious rituals-strike universitu trained academics as inexact, unreliable, and suspect. Western historians, culture bound by their own approach to knowledge, are apt to declaim that next to nothing, save the evidence of archaeology, can be known of early Native American life. "
-western historians wanted only written documents which does not exist. they don't believe it until they see the written documents not the oral histories. The correct answer is B because the western historians have narrow way to do something which they only wanted the written documents.

22. the geographical references in lines74-75 serve to underscore the.
"every modern observer, whther he or she was schooled in the traditions of the South Pacific or Zaire, of Hanover, New Hampshire, or Vienna, Austria, was exposed at an early age to one or another form of folklore about Native Americans."
underscore means: emphasize
Any places around the world, the story of NA is popular. C:is correct answer because the story of NA is universality.
A:Story of NA didn't influence anybody


SECTION 5
1. worth exploring=positive
'and' blank should be the positive word too.
instead of being something- it should be opposite with the next blank
so the first blank and the next blank should have the opposite meaning
2. win her approval through praise-sycophants.
toadies-servant behavior
autocrat-strict ruler
dislike of blank=to the regarding of sycophants
hate flattery and regard the sycophants.
adulation of the fans
3. thin, pliable, and somewhat transparent
-membrane as in cells
arable land
4.mixture of dialects
reflect-mixture to show what?
heterogeneity-homogeneity
intonation=tone of language
spontaneity=happening without preparation
profundity=profound idea-deep
5. apologized profusely=led to sth effect
want conciliatory effect by apologizying
reprehensible actios of the terrorist
palliative-soothing
depreciatory-going down
de=down
compendious=
litigious-lawsuits
compendious=collection of summaries
6.
23. read that paragraph very carefully.
reinforce his point that...
as works of art=poetry
engineering is like creating poem.
comparing the engineer with poet
24. mysitify-mystical
like monk in a mountain, god figure
different from what other believed in.
ignoring the fact and want to belive him as god figure
15. deep regret after selling the painting.
folly-the separation from the painting.
A:it was too big for the home. it didn't lose its auro, it was too strong for her house
B: not about the childhood
C:strong emotion of her loss of painting.
D; not about the artist
E: not the painful memory


section 8
1. nemesis=enemy
swindler-who is tricking
gullible-who is being tricked
2. better refrigeration and transportation
it got better and got a lot of food and keep it longer
dearth -scanty
perishablity=rotten, dying
3. although-oppositive meaning between the first part and the second part
different style=similar
inevitable-unavoidable.
concord-harmony
con-with together
dis- not away, apart
4. surprised=unusual action
weeping openly-means to the blank
he was not oppressive but he did
somber and wistful-both sad
5.obscure and dense=hard to understand
definition of the blank
opacity-opaque
6. oil company want to drill and might say that the drilling had no harmful effect on
animals.
rigid-bending
negligible-so small, insignificant
magnannimous-generous
11. insignificant=because Africa is so small place, he could make any lies on them and had
not actual effect on him.
13. compare every answers with Jerry
A: did jerry happily decided to go back to US?
B: she fits in the high social classes
C: nothing to do with the childhood
E: never lied about his background

[vocabulitis5]

READING
SECTION 2
1. stage scenery=setting
realistic room perched on a dirt pile
2. affluence of hollywood-rich
'that' more than what you need
corpulence-fat
second blank, suffers
vex-irritate
3. suffering from various ailments
why the sick people go there
to cure it
thermal pools=hot springs
succulent: fruit, vegetable, ready to eat
redolent:smell, remind you of sth
cerebral:brain
4. valuable and comprehensive=positive
subsequent-following
debacle=failure, disaster
undermine=weaken
5. in the way, delaying the launch
thwarted-slow you down
forfeited: lose sth
implement:use
redoubled his effort
6. offended=doing sth bad
these-offensive remarks
commendable-praise
intemperate-not temperate, not mild
haranguing-harangue-to throw a lot of speech
radical-very different from regular point of view
conciliatory words-soothing words
indulgent-please someone
7. limping slowly back to the campsite
halting gait.
prompt-on time
facile-easy=facil
8. melodrama-overly dramatic
emphasized tense moments
imperious-like an emperor
swoon-faint
inscutable-scrutinized
teacher scrutinize every detail
critical
convivial-lively
convivial partygoers-gregarious
solicitous; to solicit-asking people to buy, donate
-asking your neighbor if they need any help
histrionic lawyer-being too dramatic

9. E(understand sign lang, solve puzzle, use objects)
what humans do
10. passage1- dolphins' intelligences are very near to our own
passage2-smart in their own way, different than human intelligence
A:talked about how they measured the intelligence
C:neither passages stated
D:there are lot of activities
11.dolphin way of life, until we know more
D: not enough evidnece
12. they are intelligent

13.read the paragraph 1
read sentence before and after
around the sentence
how the native americans were hard to understand
pilgrim settles-to compare somebody in the past to current
A:not less complicated
B: not religious
C:contrast is correct but not reformers mentioned in the paragraph
D:debunk a myth:show the myth is false, not colonial life
E: correct, making a comparison "the twentieth century"
14."charged"
europeans' view of native american
replenished:restocked
15.Rousseau:not new
an old idea of the native american
longevity

16.regarded as ancient, stone age
A:story of anthropology:stone age
fallacy:misunderstand
17.difficulty
undermined: undermined the teacher's authority
weakening
native americans are just same as others
ancestor descendant model
because the NA are same as others, the story of ancestor descendant relationship is not working.
A
18. there cultures are developed same as others
A; not customs, it against the myths
B: not contradistic
C:any people, same as everybody as else, essential to survival:medicines, philosophys
19. "they"
European perceived NA
stuck in the past
C:not NA thought about Euro
D:NA are not accepted
20. nothing can be really known
written documentation, do not exist
oral history,tales, ...
wanted written documentation
B:overly narrow methodology
only looking for written docs.
archaeological:dig out
21.educated guess

22.geographical refereces
underscore:emphasize
any place of world, the story of NA are popular

23.'most students'
they have wrong idea of NA
so its minus zero
start from wrong idea
undergo the state of disillusionment
disillusionment: you are mistaken about sth
realize, sth you believed in was wrong
24.start from wrong idea
preconception: before idea


homework
5. Dangerously high winds ...... attempts to begin the space shuttle mission on schedule, delaying the launch by nearly a week.
-The blank should mean something that is delaying the launch. So the blank has to be something that means in the way or blocking something from happening.
The word 'thwarted' means to prevent sth from doing what they want to do. 'Forfeited' means to lose sth and 'implemented' means to carry out or to use.

11. the two passages differ in their views of dolphin intelligence in that passage 1 states that dolphins..
-Passage 1 stated that the dolphins' intelligences are similar to human intelligence.
Passage 2 stated that the dolphins' intelligences are right for the dolphins' way of life. "Until we know more, we can say the dolphins' intelligences are different."
A: passage 2 didnt say that dolphin's intelligence are roughly equal to human intelligence.
B:Passage 2 stated the different intelligence uses of animals but didn't say that the dolphins are outperform other animals.
C: Passage 2 didnt compare dolphins with other animals.
D: is the correct one. Passage 1 said the dolphins are highly intelligent and passage 2 said we cant say anything about the dolphin's intelligence until we know more. So we don't have enough evidence to say about them.
E:passage 1 didnt say about the size of brain.

13. The reference to "the pilgrim settlers" is used to
-"their contemporaries at the end of the twentieth century as they were to the Pilgrim settlers over three hundred fifty years ago."
The Pilgrim settlers used to compare the past with the current in the twentieth century.
E: is the correction answer because the Pilgrim settlers are from three hundred fifty years ago but with the word 'as' draw the parallel with the twentieth century.

14. in line 12, "charged" most nearly means..
-"European or Euro American thinkers to regard Native Americans as fundamentally and profoundly different, motivated more often bu misticism than by ambition, charged more by infathomable visions than by intelligence or introspection."
-Charged most nearly means that motivated by.
Because 'replenished' means restocked, it is not correct. D is the correct answer.

15. in line 14, the reference to Rousseau is used to emphasize the
Rousseau was an eighteenth century french philosoper.
"this idea is certainly not new. Rousseau's "noble savages"wandered, pure of heart, through a pristine world. "
-Rousseau's idea was similar to the vision of Native Americans to Europeans.
A:it is not the cultural bias
B:correct, it is the longevity of certain types of misconceptions. that misconception toward the native american was not the new idea. Rousseau' idea was used to convince that this idea is not new.
C:Europeans misunderstood the NA but it was not the fear the unknown.
D: not the diversity in intellectual traditions.
E:not to tell that Rousseau was fallible.

16. The phrase "international crowd pleaser" refers to.
"examples of what stone age europeans must have been like. It's a great story, an international crowd pleaser, but there is a difficulty."
-the international crowd pleaser means the popular one, what everyone likes.
It refers the story of stone age of Native Americans.
The answer is A because the anthropology if about the stone age and the fallacy means the misunderstanding.

17. the "difficulty" referred to in line 29 most directly undermines..
-undermine means to weaken something.
So what the question askes is what is being undermined by the difficulty. Previously, European misunderstood that the NA are not same human as the Europeans and they are from the stone age. However, the difficulty which is that the NA are same human as the Europeans. It undermines that belief of the story and the misunderstanding of Europeans.
The correct answer is A. Europeans stated the ancestor and descendant model to NA to state that NA are from the stone age.

18. Lines 34-37 describe
-"their cultures have had to make internal sense, their medicines have had to work consistently and practivally, their philosophical explanations have had to be reasonably satisfying and dependable."
-their cultures are as developed as others.
A:it is not customs, the lines are against the myth.
B: not contradistic
C: the medicines, philosophical explanations, and cultures are the things what they needed for the survival. Correct answer.

19. The two sentences that begin with "they" in lines 52-53 serve to express the
"It is little wonder, therefore, that Native Americans were perceived not so much as they were but as they had to be, from a European viewpoint. They dealt in magic, not method. They were stuck in their past, not guided by its precedents."
European perceived NA. It is how the Europeans wanted to see of NA.
A:correct. European perceived NA
B: it's the viewpoint of European, not the research.
C: not about the European.
D: NA didn't accept this viewpoint.
E:not the survival techniques.

20. in lines 66-70, the author portrays western historians as
"The familiar and reassuring kinds of written documentation found in European societies of equivalent chronological periods do not exist, and the forms of tribal recod preservation available-oral history, tales, mnemonic devices, and religious rituals-strike universitu trained academics as inexact, unreliable, and suspect. Western historians, culture bound by their own approach to knowledge, are apt to declaim that next to nothing, save the evidence of archaeology, can be known of early Native American life. "
-western historians wanted only written documents which does not exist. they don't believe it until they see the written documents not the oral histories. The correct answer is B because the western historians have narrow way to do something which they only wanted the written documents.

22. the geographical references in lines74-75 serve to underscore the.
"every modern observer, whther he or she was schooled in the traditions of the South Pacific or Zaire, of Hanover, New Hampshire, or Vienna, Austria, was exposed at an early age to one or another form of folklore about Native Americans."
underscore means: emphasize
Any places around the world, the story of NA is popular. C:is correct answer because the story of NA is universality.
A:Story of NA didn't influence anybody


SECTION 5
1. worth exploring=positive
'and' blank should be the positive word too.
instead of being something- it should be opposite with the next blank
so the first blank and the next blank should have the opposite meaning
2. win her approval through praise-sycophants.
toadies-servant behavior
autocrat-strict ruler
dislike of blank=to the regarding of sycophants
hate flattery and regard the sycophants.
adulation of the fans
3. thin, pliable, and somewhat transparent
-membrane as in cells
arable land
4.mixture of dialects
reflect-mixture to show what?
heterogeneity-homogeneity
intonation=tone of language
spontaneity=happening without preparation
profundity=profound idea-deep
5. apologized profusely=led to sth effect
want conciliatory effect by apologizying
reprehensible actios of the terrorist
palliative-soothing
depreciatory-going down
de=down
compendious=
litigious-lawsuits
compendious=collection of summaries
6.
23. read that paragraph very carefully.
reinforce his point that...
as works of art=poetry
engineering is like creating poem.
comparing the engineer with poet
24. mysitify-mystical
like monk in a mountain, god figure
different from what other believed in.
ignoring the fact and want to belive him as god figure
15. deep regret after selling the painting.
folly-the separation from the painting.
A:it was too big for the home. it didn't lose its auro, it was too strong for her house
B: not about the childhood
C:strong emotion of her loss of painting.
D; not about the artist
E: not the painful memory


section 8
1. nemesis=enemy
swindler-who is tricking
gullible-who is being tricked
2. better refrigeration and transportation
it got better and got a lot of food and keep it longer
dearth -scanty
perishablity=rotten, dying
3. although-oppositive meaning between the first part and the second part
different style=similar
inevitable-unavoidable.
concord-harmony
con-with together
dis- not away, apart
4. surprised=unusual action
weeping openly-means to the blank
he was not oppressive but he did
somber and wistful-both sad
5.obscure and dense=hard to understand
definition of the blank
opacity-opaque
6. oil company want to drill and might say that the drilling had no harmful effect on
animals.
rigid-bending
negligible-so small, insignificant
magnannimous-generous
11. insignificant=because Africa is so small place, he could make any lies on them and had
not actual effect on him.
13. compare every answers with Jerry
A: did jerry happily decided to go back to US?
B: she fits in the high social classes
C: nothing to do with the childhood
E: never lied about his background


homework section 5
3. thin, pliable, and somewhat transparent would be the definition of the blank.
So the answer would be C, because the membranous means like the cell membrane which is thin and pliable. Usually the word following 'that' after the blank describes that blank or the definition of the blank. Arable means kind can be use for agriculture as in the phrase arable land. Inflexible means not flexible, not bendable.

4. to reflect the...........mixture of dialects.
to show something, they used the mixture of dialects.mixture would be possible to show the lots of different things mixed up in one thing.
The answer would be heterogeneity which is the antonym of homogeneity. Intonation is the tone of the language like the accent of the language in different country.

8. "functions that have drawn people to cities, and to work outward from them to the spaces and buildings"
At the beginning of this study would be about the Middle Ages.



TEST #2
SECTION 2

1. surprise!!!
opposite of surprise-to avoid being
-predictable
2. weak and bad winter-weaken them more.
bad consequences=catastrophic
regressive-re=back, gress=step, regressing to your childhood.
going backward (progress, ingress=entrance, egress=exit)
3. economic advantage
Love/$$/ not love
not necessarily of love
not devoid of love, no having any of love
4.procrastinator=put things off and forget to do things
inclined to procrastinate
temporize=procrastinate
scoff at=ridicule, laughing at
5. blank sunlight and blank heat
light and insulation
light with come through the window.
insulation: prevent heat from escaping
admit: to let in
contain the heat=limit it
deflect: bounce off
dispense: release it
6. praised for her style/ ridiculed for her vacuity.
vacuity: nothing there
moved naive listeners with style alone, led them to believe that her speech had content
rhetorical skills in speech. content=substance
dalliance-dally with danger,fooling around
infelicity:not felicity: felix=happy, happiness or good luck
boorishness: person who is very crass, no manner
pragmatism : pragmatic consideration=practical, useful
7. blank behavior=quickly irritated
fastidious: difficult to please
mercenary : selfish and mercenary
care more money than anything else
sedulous: assidous worker= sitting, hardworking
vindivtive: cruel, revenging
petulant: had it in his way
irritated when not being satisfied
fastidious doesnt have element of irritated
petulant is the correct answer
8. so sentimental
although=opposite
cursory: berief, not scrutinize
meticulous housekeeper: thorough
treacly: very sweet, very emotional
cloying: too sweet
prosaic: dull and boring
consecrated: made holy

section 5
1. myriad, detail oriented workers =positive
adept at: good at
remiss in duty: forget it regret it
contemptuous: dislike
2. controversial tax: upset about it
people are going to be angry about it and protest
-rebellion, uprising
impassioned speeches: begged, quelled the riot
fortified: add in extra, better, stronger
3. inbreeding: having relation within the same family group
-most likely having the same disease
subject to disease- negative
espression: shows up
answer is deleterious: harmful
deleterious effect of drugs
ineffable: not express in words,
articulated: not supposed to say it
consummate: V: to complete to finish/ best lier, expert
4. accused him: negative
inflexibility: being rigid
negligence: dont give full of attention
dont vacillated when making decision=waver
fidelity, steadfastness: positive meaning
5.judicious: good judgement
both strengths and the weaknesses
not extreme + or -
indictment: too -
second blank: too +
eulogy for the heroes: positive, expression of praise
first blank: both - +
equitable: equal, balance=judicious


20. Waverly is mocking june
" i mean really"
detracts least: double negative
goes against least
not really against it and not support it


section 8
1. that advice: her blank
concord: harmony
counsel
2. that excitement
=sharing his excitement
=passion for
contagious: passing, sharing
3. disintegration: fall of empire: terrible, sad
momentous: memorable
catastrophic: bad, negative
=disaster
'that' is the clue that it is the definition
nevertheless: opposite
constructive: positive, opposite to catastrophic
4.cloaked: disappear
shroud in mystery
5. just as demand was reaching its peak
: lot of demand, just as the right time.
getting there at the right time=opportune
intermittent: goes on and off
dubious: doubt
extravagant: depending too much
6. a license for...=rejecting
scientists should not prejudice or bias
smugness, arrogant
legitimate: make it justifying

13. author's attitude: any other writers writes about other field, they are objective
attitude options: eliminate emotional answers
nonchalant: dont care, if you dont care, why you would write about them
in this passage, the author is very emotional about the subject


test 3
section3
3. political turbulence=problem.
frequent name changes-country is having a lot of problems.
=testify to=shows, evidence of
jeopardize=to put in danger
sustain=keep something going

4. colon or semicolon-where the definition will be
they were found in the fossil records
30000species from just one clam.
=lots of variety
multifarious=many faces, many kind
anachronistic=ana-not, chrono-time: not together in time, wrong time

5. masterful player
elaborately contrived
devious=deceptive
conscientious editor-detail and thorough
adroit=skillful
byzantine=very complex
lackadaisical=carefree, indifferent, no worries
onerous=hard work. difficult job
slipshod contruction=poor quality
compulsive=obssessive, repretitive, following patterns all the time.

section 7
3. restating of the blank-the ability to perceive without conscious reasoning
=intuition
incoherence=not understandable
sophistry=sopho-wise

4. help the classroom intruction
supplement=support
coordinated =integrates
compromise-weaken
par=equal
curtails=cut off sth short
A

5. detest about modern art, blank of what they hate
exemple of what they hate
epitome=essence
who tested about sth, critics
proponents=who favor sth
advocated=supporter
debunker=refute, disprove sth, show sth to be false
cant show that art is false

6. keen judgment and insight=acumen
business acumen=very smart, sharp minded
intemperance=not mild, not temperant
irrevence-not respect

7. obscure references and baffling digressions
=not clear and talk out of topic
arcane tradition=old, known to only people
abstruse essay: difficult

8. openhanded
difficult to reconcile this openhandness with her opposite of sth
openhanded=money in your hand and letting other people to have it
tightfisted=opp of openhanded
openhanded=magnanimity
pettiness-tightfisted
solicit-ask people to do sth=---
asking people how they are=solicitous=+

section 9
1.scarcer=decreasing
going into dangerous place

2. habitual boasting
egotistical=boastic
tactful-skillful in dealing people
inconspicuous=not noticeable
ego-itself,
egoistic=selfish and self centered
egotisic-brag a lot

3. respect
steadfast and tactful
=syn of blank
resolute in his decision

4. remarkable=surprising, different from what expected
-little control over their own lives
=autonomy, self control
consecration=holu
effacement=erasing, reducing itself

5. bad act that got banned=-
just holding them becaus they are dangerous
seditious act=betraying your country


8. his caramel colored.....surface
"complexion"
how the different light affect him
A: she was peek on him, he wouldnt know she was there
Virginia sees him in both condition

section 3
7. "young, middle aged, and old wilson"
him as a letter writer from all his different ages
he is consistent in his writing
not necessarily he was mature in his youth
his writing in same way
writing letters is not career

9. how black leaders portrayed by the community
knowing too much can harmful to the image of black leaders
painting by the authors
historical biographies=important social figures
author is interested in figure's private life

14.A: anticipatory: looking before it
deterministic: pre destiny
causality: cause and effect

15. undermine the authors assumption

section 7
22. women used their charm to men to fight
she want to escape from being in the home
undertake any task however any lower work or danger work
in order to escape from home

23. exudes cheer=overfloods with cheer
telling the story in positive way
condenscension: looking down at people
dispossessing=taking away
primacy=being number 1
first=soldiers are doing well
second=male female role
status quo-current state
not encouraging

TEST 4
SECTION 3
1. regime- government in negative word
regimen: system
regiment: military unit
2.temperamental: easily getting upset
congenial: friendly
vulnerable: wicked
recluse: shuts himself
3.decorates its bower amass with the shiny objects
pilfer: to steal
penchant:predilection
4. winning support: give to the report
presitige: respect
profundity: deep
detachment:apart
theo: god, realigion
it would go together with theology and the realigion
=inseparable from..
5. opponents, research institute
opponents would label it bad=first blank
elitist: high and very important, best=attitude that you are better than everybody else
anachronism in movies: out of time
monarchical: monarchy
irreproachable conduct-positive
reprehensible action of the terrorist
nobility got all the wealth=luxuries, privilege
perquisities: previleges, powers
tribulations: trials and tribulation: sth difficult happening to you
affliction of the elderly: problems of the economics, affect the group of people

SECTION 7
1.agnostic: atheist:
eclectic research: from many resources
emprical formula, evidence
quixotic: idealistic
2.allege: accuse someone before showing evidence
ascertain: find out the truth
3. merriment infectious
=gaiety-merriment
brevity of a telegram
presumptuous challenge
4. demagogue: democracy, people, gogue=leaders
=leader who misleads the people
pedagogue=leader of children=teachers
they didnt start it , support it even though they took the advantages
create
5. about trees, not weird.




6. inhibiting: lose the control over yourself
elusive quaterback: cant catch it
steadfast


7. to appease the critics=say sth negative
say negative because of its brevity
extol=extol the heroes
the teacher censured the student
disparage the rival's effort
censor=critics, give the warning
the author would expand it because the critics disparage the work for its brevity
8. worly wisdom: sophistication
lack of this would hurt him=opp of sophistication
=naive: innocence, but gullible, childish
venality: venal politician: who take money
furtive: surrepticious

SECTION 9
3. tame, and opp of hard to control
docile=obedient
4. widerange=eclectic
scope
5. skepticism: doubting
elucidate: make it clear
nihilism: nothingness
not believing would help them to understand things better
suppress: keep down
disseminate the propaganda
undermine the teacher's authority
confounded by the sat questions
6.denunciations: negative
preclude: prevent it sth good
first blank: not really negative, quantity of denunciation
second blank: positive
libelous: written from of slander=to ruin somebody reputation
barrage:flying all over the places
cacophony: caco-ugly, phone: sound=discord
calli=beautiful

section 3
16. respectively:in order
she wont pretend she knows it
disclaim responsibility
first: i dont know it, i dont have responsibility
second: but i know this

17.example of something mathematical
not about the nature




20. this is...=read the passage before it
meeting of the eyes to suggest
A: not about the rank
B: wasnt about the difficulty
C: opp of the answer. it was a function of personality
D: get some power in human contact


section 7
20. passage 1: outrage about the environmentalism
strong position about the issue
passage2: not disappointed about the environmentalism
resenful: upset and angry about it
qualified admiration: limited admiring
staunch: strongly